a beautiful mind

FIP

2009-05-24T00:08:00.003+05:30

Ashesh Deep guesses the name of Fake IPL Player Characters name.

Glossary:-

Aila / Little Monster – Sachin Tendulkar

Akram Azam – Kamran Khan

Appam Chutiya – Sreesanth

Arnold Power – Ramesh Powar

Babli – Preity Zinta

Badshah Dildo / Mr. Vinnie Dildo (Dildo paagal hai) – SRK

Baja of Baroda – Anshuman Gaekwad

Bangla Tiger – Mashrafe Bin Mortaza

Bevdaa Team – Royal Challengers

Batliwala – Mallaya

Bhookha Naan – Buchanan

Big Mac – Mathew Hayden

Big Brother – Raj Kundra

Big Sister – Shilpa Shetty

Boy George – Joy Bhattacharya

Bevdaa – Jesse Rider

BubLee – Brett Lee

Buddhiman Baba – Wriddhiman Saha

Bunty – Ness Wadia

Bubblies – King’s XI Punjab

Bubaan – Arindam Ghosh

Candy Nickle – Andrew Bichel

Calypso King – Gayle

Castro – Fidel Edwards

Chatterjee Kaku – Bong bhadralok on TV ad (Old Guy from the KKR Ad ‘Tum Bhi Jeetoge’)

Chikna Pussy – David Hussey

Chirkut Teli – Virat Kohli

Chinnu Popli – Sreevats Goswami

Chintu Singh – Anureet Singh

Chota Chetan – Gautam Gambhir

Cool Dude – Dhoni

Desis – Mumbai Indians

Deewar – Rahul Dravid

Deeghra Patan – Irfan Pathan

Dhakkans – Deccan Chargers

Dhakkan coach – Darrell Lehman

Dilwales – Delhi Daredevils

Durbaan of Patiala – Tom Moody

Emerald Pearl – Angelo Mathews

Ganji Hanger – Sanjay Bangar

Gilli Danda – Ashok Dinda

Ghati Baba – Rohit Sharma

Havaii Chappal – Greg Chappell

John Wrong – John Wright

Joker – Meyang Chang (of Indian Idol fame)

Junta Tormentor – Ajantha Medis

Kaan Moolo – Ajit Agarkar

Kameez Pajama – Rameez Raza

Kishen Kanhaiyaa – Ravi Shastri

KKR Coach – Matthew Mott (As he is the assistant head coach)

Lady Jaya – Mahela jayawardane

Little Sister – Shamita Shetty

Little John – Ishant Sharma

Lordie / Lord Almighty – Sourav Ganguly

Mangal Pandey – Laxmi Ratan Shukla

Meera Bhai – Harbhajan Singh

Messiah – Steve Waugh (Aussie player with very close ties to Kolkata – Udayan)

Panty Curry – Robin Uthappa

Pedophile Priest – Adam Gilchrist

Peter Ka Beta / Re-Peter – Peterson

Prince Charles of Patiala – Yuvraj Singh

Rajpoots – Rajasthan Royals

Ram (Very Very Special friend) – Laxman

RVR Singh /Pamela Inder Singh – VRV singh

Sandy Baddy babe – Mandira Bedi

Saala Slimeball – Lalit Modi

Sheikh of Tweak – Shane Warne

Sheeghra-Patan – Yousuf Pathan

Shakespeare – Akash Chopra

Sheru – Virender Sehwag

Skipper – McCullum

Springbok – Morne van Wyk

Sticky Something – Ricky Ponting

Style Bhai spinner – Murali Karthik

Vakeel Saab – Sangakarra

This was my guess. For any correction, Please comment.

Ashesh

Leonardo of the 21st century

2009-03-29T10:39:00.003+05:30

A few centuries ago, a few people began questioning the assumption that people knew how to think about the physical world. Neither philosophy nor religion seemed to be able to stave off famine and epidemic. The enlightenment was about a new method for thinking. Part of that new method was the way of asking and testing questions known as science, which provided the knowledge needed to create new medicines, new tools, new weapons, and new economic systems. Today, we are blessed with technology that would be indescribable to our forefathers. We have the wherewithal, the know-it-all to feed everybody, clothe everybody, and give every human on the Earth a chance. We know now what we could never have known before-that we now have the option for all humanity to "make it" successfully on this planet in this lifetime. But, still there is something that lacks, perhaps, a new method of thinking. A tool is not the task, and that is why often the invisible, social or some non-physical aspects make all the difference. Years ago Peter Drucker answered it as "Technology is not about tools, it deals with how Man works." New paradigms always throw new questions, and so new technologies did. Interestingly, technologies answered them also. There's some truth to each of these answers, yet they all fall short because we assume that we know how to think about technology. I think, just because we know how to make things doesn't guarantee that we know what those things will do to us or what kind of things we ought to make. Knowing how to think about technology is a skill one needs to teach oneself the way we taught ourselves previous new ways of thinking such as mathematics, logic, science and design. One needs to think like Leonardo did. Yes, at the time we need to broaden our perspective to see technologies from design, humanities, art, psychology and social aspects and vise versa.

I think for me also, ‘I know how to do something now I need to learn what to do’.

How to Unblock Websites --- Ashesh Deep

2008-11-26T10:00:00.002+05:30

Hi...

Something happened and I was forced to write this article. I must think you all will surely enjoy.Just Follow me...!!! YO !!!

If you search the web from your company's office, school or public library, you have probably already realized that many of the most popular or slightly off color web sites have been blocked. Web sites that have been blocked can include Myspace.com, Youtube.com, your favorite forum and even many entertainment/gossip sites that offer blue humor or offensive comments. If you want to take back your web and once again regain full access to the internet, you will have to unblock web sites.

How Web Sites are Blocked

In order to explain how to unblock web sites, it is important to understand how specific web sites first become blocked.

Blocked web sites are usually the result of special software that is loaded onto your computer that works with your internet browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, in which you can adjust the options to allow or block specific web sites.

In addition, when it comes to large computer networks (like the ones you might find at your corporate office or school), a firewall is usually involved and this resource is also used to block specific web sites of the organization's choosing.

While it is fairly easy to block web sites, unblocking web sites can sometimes be a difficult task to achieve. However, following are a few tips that will definitely level the playing field, giving you the ability to access almost any blocked web site.

How to Unblock a Website

Unblocking a web site can be accomplished whether you are at the office, at a school computer or using a public computer at some libraries or internet cafes. In order to unblock a web site you have to some way circumvent or disable the web site blocking software, the web browser or the firewall that is being used to block a web site. There are a few strategies to accomplish this task.

Proxy Servers (Anonymizers)

Proxy servers (sometimes called web site anonymizers because they make the computer user anonymous) circumvent filters on the computer or even the firewall due to the way these sites operate. Proxy servers are computers outside your company's firewalls easily accessed via the internet. They have their own IP address and are able to be controlled via your computer. Your computer connects to a proxy server and the proxy server is the computer that makes the connection with the blocked web site. The proxy server then shows you the contents of the page. You can view the web site and even interact with the web site through the proxy server- even though it is blocked by your computer or firewall. This is achieved because it is not your computer interacting with the web site, but a third party – the proxy server that makes the connection with the blocked site.

Here are some web sites where you can find lists of proxy servers:
Proxy
Proxy
Proxy List
Proxies
Proxy Websites
Proxy Sites
Proxies

Change Settings on an Individual Computer

This tip on unblocking a web site usually only works on individual computers that connect directly to the internet. If you are using a computer on a network connected to a firewall overseen by an administrator – the chances are that this strategy will not be effective.

Obviously if you are an individual computer that has either special blocking software or browser options set to block a specific web site, you may be able to change the setting or disable the blocking software. If the browser you are using is blocking your web site, you will be able to easily change the settings, usually by clicking the tools tab and reconfiguring the options or security tabs located in the browsers. Another work around for a browser that is blocking your web site is to download and use a different browser. For those that have MS Internet Explorer, simply download and use Firefox or vice versa.

For those that are working on an individual computer with special software used to block your web site, you will need to somehow disable the software. You can delete the software, stop the software from loading the next time you start up the computer, or shutdown the software while it is running using the CTRL+ALT+DEL keys (please note: these techniques might not work for all software programs).

Use the IP Address Instead of URL

In some cases, it is possible to type in the IP address instead of using the URL. The URL is the written web address (e.g., www.mywebsite.com). However, even though we type in letters or words into our browser, the internet and World Wide Web translate these URLs into an IP address such as 99.121.224.67. Sometimes the software or browser will not block an IP, however if your software is able to map the IP address using a reverse DNS look up your site will ultimately stay blocked.

Use URL Redirects

There are a few web sites that offer URL redirects. For instance, you can create a new URL for the blocked web sites using these redirect services. Once you create a redirect, enter the new URL and have the service forward you to the blocked web site. In certain situations these new URLs are redirected and do not change allowing you to access banned sites. Two types of redirection services include Tinyurl.com and Snipurl.com

Unblock a Web site using Google

There are many tools or services that Google offers that can help you access blocked web sites. Practically every computer allows you to access Google making these strategies quite attractive.

Google Cache

Instead of going directly to the web site using the URL, go to the home page of Google and search for the web site or web site page you want to access. Once Google shows you the possible choices that are indexed, choose to retrieve the blocked web page using Google's cache copy of the page. Since these pages are copied into Google's database, in most cases the site will not be blocked.

Google Mobile Search

Google's Mobile search can help one circumvent a blocked site. When Google translates a normal HTML web page into a mobile page it removes certain parts of the web page (CSS scripts and JavaScript's) it also reconfigures the sites view to make a large page into smaller sized pages. During this translation process, it is possible that many block software programs will not be able to recognize the page as being one that should be blocked.

Google Proxy

We all know that Google is not specifically a proxy, but it can be used for much more than just searching the internet. Below is a code that uses Google's language translation tool. When Google translates a web site into a different language it acts as a go-between (similar to a proxy server). The code below which comes from the site www.oreillynet.com will translate any web page into English. Meaning you can translate a web paged in English back to English using Google as a proxy like tool. Just change the URL (forbiddensite.com) with the site that you are trying to gain access to.
http://www.google.com/translate?langpair=en|en&u=www.forbiddensite.com

Courtsey :- Monster Guide

In need of Bipasha !!! Coming up soon...

2008-08-05T10:34:00.005+05:30

After Amitabh Bachchan, it's Bipasha who will rock on my space.
Really, I, we, all desperately need Bipasha.

Look out for this space.... because... ssshhh..aha.. Bi..Pa..Sha.. is arriving on the floor exclusively.

Coming up soon.... Watch out...

Again the repeated lines... Just Follow me...!!! Yo !!!

Amitabh Bachchan and his blog, a deep source of MOTIVATION..... By Ashesh Deep

2008-07-18T18:35:00.007+05:30

Hi everybody!!!

From a long time I was thinking to write something which can motivate me, you and all. I wandered here and there, searched the net, did Googling but I got nothing so much special and interesting which can sincerely motivate me. Also, I felt very boring to write the same cold contents but... yeah… I continued to write. Sometimes I felt sleepy, sometimes lazy fingers limited my articles length. But I still continued. I thought it’s as a challenging job to accomplish but I did every best thing to manage it. I went writing, sometimes just copy-paste to be true.

One day my search stopped. No, it’s not because I decided to say quit instead I found the thing which motivated me. Yes…I was motivated. It’s true I am motivated.

I know you all will be desperately waiting to know actually what has happened. To start with I will say those lines which made me to write this article. It is as follows…

“Main Chhupana Janta to Jag Mujhe Sadhu Samajhta, Shatru mera ban gaya hai Chhal-rahit wayawhar mera…..”

To simplify, I said, if I knew how to hide, the world would have thought me as a saint. My unblemished nature has become my biggest enemy.

To be precise, these golden words are penned by famous poet Dr. Harivanshrai Bachchan. And I explored it as soaring header in the Big BLOG of none other than Big B himself. Yes… It’s Amitabh Bachchan’s BLOG. The name itself is enough. No more stuffs to say when you say the name like that.

I have heard about Amitabh Bachchan’s blog sometimes ago, all pulverized in some sorts of controversies, media hip-hops, criticism, curse, whatever. Unfortunately, I didn’t get opportunity to go through it. But one day (I will call it as Motivation Day), I just, ya you got it right it’s just a just, I got a glimpse of Big B’s blog on the thread as

http://blogs.bigadda.com/ab/ and then what happened is history, I was mesmerized by the above mentioned chanting lines. This time I continued reading. I became astonished, I was amazed, I gazed, I thoroughly go through the content and ultimately it took 8 pleasing-hours to read the complete blog of 85 days postings.

Now, I had enough reasons to be motivated which compelled me to write on my own blog. I have written something about Shahrukh Khan (the King himself, not to be mentioned) in the past. But what was the reason which made me spell-bound to publish these in this space. The reason is: - If a 65 years old with his extreme hectic schedules can regularly write about his daily happenings…then isn’t it, it’s truly incredible. It is his elegancy with how much dignity he has maintained his posts and replying to almost all well wisher’s comments. AB has 100 kinds of work in a day he finishes them all & he writes everyday and all in one take. That’s why he is known as “Shahanshah” of all trades. One thing is for sure, this blog technology has revolutionized the world by adding new dimensions in the “Right to freedom of Speech & Writing”. I am more focusing on extra-horizons uploaded by this web-logging. Everyone can share his/her untold thoughts, innovations, visions, daily happenings & virtually anything. It’s really a very powerful tool to reorganize ourselves. It is like a weapon more than a pen.

Now, coming back to Big B. He is, no doubt, a marvelous character. He is like Godfather of Indian Cinema. AB is among few good men who have changed the current scenario of Bollywood, from style to drama, from creativity to passion, from class to extravagancy, in fact everything. I found from my extensive research that this person has lot more potential to do and in coming future we all will observe it.

AB works efficiently all the day, all the night and still he manages to express his thoughts on his daily routines and what is happening out in outer world. The connection between these things is absolutely mind blowing. He is among those who makes news, prevails waves and if these stuffs are commented (I mean written material on blog) by him then it is a blockbuster. And if it is penned so beautifully then you have no words to express it. To AB: - Hats off to you sir… You are the best like your father with skillful writing. You have some magic prose which you use time to time to glow your artistic articles with jewel’s shines.

All of us know every good thing brings evils with it and Amitabh is no exception. He is criticized every time, media especially TRP hit media bullied him, he is intentionally or unintentionally dragged into controversies. He is being questioned for his deeds, his origin, his farmer-land fiasco, whatever, his work towards charity all are just a matter of discussions for some kind of (cheap) popularity & all. I am not going to raise any issues out of it but yes this great man is almost unperturbed about it. It shows his greatness. He is giving hits & more hits. Simply incredible!!! As I observed from his blog that he wants to put his thoughts and just make his stands clear to the people, to his fans, to his well wishers. These things are misinterpreted by print media, news channel, etc. time to time.

In his words, “For instance, “Waqt ne kiya, kya haseen sitam; Tum rahe na tum, hum rahe na hum”

What a stupendous line with magic of words depicting his inability to deal with right conversation & connection between “aam admi” through some sorts of miscreants.

The most distinguished feature about this blog is that he has all time in the world to make it into habit of writing online diary, no matter, how many millions of tasks he has to do before and after that. It’s a must-read blog. It has some spectacular stuffs which are untold. You will explore other aspects of Amitabh Bachchan, a great personality. We need to take inspiration from this living legend of this millennium. It has mesmerized me. Take motivation out of it; bring it into our life and surely the world will under our feet.

My article is not only about praising Mr. Bachchan and his abilities (he is a born star). I am trying to convey that one should have regular habits to write, to bring thoughts so that everyone can know about you in details. It’s all about learning process and making joy out of it. Take inspirational divines from all walks of life and mix it with your soul to have the perfect recipe of success.

Romantic Countries

2008-07-10T18:18:00.002+05:30

I was coming across some mails forwarded to me. I found this very attractive and romantic. So, I am publishing it.

These are some of the romantic countries in the world.

H.O.L.L.A.N.D. -Hope Our Love Lasts And Never Dies.

I.T.A.L.Y. - I Trust And Love You.

L.I.B.Y.A. - Love Is Beautiful; You Also.

F.R.A.N.C.E. - Friendships Remain And Never Can End.

C.H.I.N.A. - Come Here.. I Need Affection.

B.U.R.M.A. - Between Us, Remember Me Always.

N.E.P.A.L. - Never Ever Part As Lovers.

I.N.D.I.A. - I Nearly Died In Adoration.

K.E.N.Y.A. - Keep Everything Nice, Yet Arousing.

C.A.N.A.D.A. - Cute And Naughty Action that Developed into Attraction
K.O.R.E.A . - Keep Optimistic Regardless of Every Adversity.

E.G.Y.P.T. - Everything's Great, You Pretty Thing!

M.A.N.I.L.A. - May All Nights Inspire Love Always.

P.E.R.U. - Phorget Everyone... Remember Us.

T.H.A.I.L.A.N.D - Totally Happy. Always In Love And Never Dull.

a beautiful mind

2008-07-10T09:36:00.001+05:30

Get your own Chat Box! Go Large!

A dozen of Common but Crazy Things we ALL do !!!

2008-07-08T18:07:00.005+05:30

How many times during an ordinary day, do so many of us repeat actions even though they are illogical and irrational? This article will focus on a combination of some of these actions. I have compiled a list of such actions that are so common that I would be surprised if every man or woman does not do at least ten of the following dozen. Can't believe me!!!

Read and check for yourself.

1) Why does the glue in a tube not stick to the tube itself?

2) Why do we press down hard on the remote control even though we know that the batteries are weak?

3) If people run into a sign near a park bench saying that the paint is wet, every one will touch it to check. If this is so, why don't these same folk verify the star count of around four billion stars so stated according to various scientists?

4) Why can't we ever manage to open a plastic bag on the first attempt?

5) Why do doctors use sterilized injections on death-role inmates?

6) Have you noticed that if your bank account gets overdrawn, your bank will add an extra charge? Why do they do that? Should you maybe inform them that the reason your checking’s account is overdrawn is because you don't have money?

7) Why do we return to the refrigerator and gaze in when we know that there's nothing interesting to eat inside?

8) If the human race evolved from monkeys, why are there still monkeys?

9) How do bugs get into the enclosed and sometimes shut-tight light bulbs?

10) Heard of the Jap airplane pilots who towards the end of the Second World War crashed their planes into American naval ships? Why did these guys even think of wearing a helmet?

11) Why don't we ever hear jokes about father-in-laws?

12) Sanity statistics has proven that one out of four people are insane or suffer from some form of mental disease. Think of three of your best friends. If they are fine, then you must be the fourth one.

Above, you have run into about dozen or so intriguing incidents on life that I or some friend of mine has come across. I hope that each one of them will bring a wry smile to your face and to your heart. Enjoy!!!

Penny Stocks

2008-07-04T18:03:00.002+05:30

It is possible that buying and selling PENNY STOCKS can make you a fortune, if you know the proper way to do it. It takes a lot of experience, mixed with a bit of skill, but it does happen. The biggest mistake people make is not researching and getting a good grasp of what penny stock trading is before they start. Going this route will have you losing money instead of making that penny stock fortune. Nothing good ever happens when your careless.

There is no set formula on how to make a fortune in the stock market. If there was, there wouldn't be a need for all the how-to-books and the multitude of websites full of information on how to make a penny stock fortune. Can it be done? Can you make a fortune off just penny stocks?

When you are ready to begin working towards your penny stock fortune then it's time to search for those penny stock guru's; the guys who do nothing but study penny stocks and email their picks to their subscribers, people like you and me. You won't know if you can make a penny stock fortune unless you try, and it's ok to be cautious, it's actually a good thing. Don't throw all your eggs in one basket so to speak. Start small, and gradually grow your portfolio. You won't make your penny stock fortune overnight, but you can make it over time.

The reason you won't find many penny stocks on Wall Street is because Wall Street doesn't talk about or even think about companies that haven't already proven themselves with large gains. If you get your advice from Wall Street you may be looking at a return of 3-5% a year. If you're happy with that small of a return, great; but if you are looking for more, then why not try making your fortune through penny stocks.

Internet Eraser Software

2008-07-04T18:00:00.001+05:30

Internet eraser software is a new state of the art security system for your PC. It works without you even knowing, it is protecting you every second of the day, while you are working on your computer. Whenever you type a word or letter on your keyboard your computer saves the information into a hidden directory. A directory that might be hidden to you, but if you know what you are looking for, like those hackers out there, you will find anything. Your information is not safe on your hard drive, and internet eraser software knows that. This is why it works covert, deleting all your personal information, which you don’t save on your hard drive, while you are working.

Whether you use your PC as a personal hub for online chatting, gaming, or writing your daily journal or whether you use your PC as a professional workstation for internet banking, online meetings with clients, daily scheduling and diary planning, your information is at risk. Whatever you use your PC for, you will, at least once a day, use your personal information, like your social security number, date of birth, home address and the like. If you are connected to the internet, hackers from all around the world have access to your personal files and information. Stop hackers in their tracks and install internet eraser software.

A lot of the newer internet eraser software comes with built in shredder device, so you can choose to totally destroy highly confidential records if you so wish. The shredder device was added to the internet eraser software because deleting is just not good enough, as your hard drive stores information under other information, which makes it retrievable to outside influences. You also get features like the cookie manager, stealth mode, scheduling and hot keys, so you can do everything you need to do with one click of a button. Start protecting your family today and install this state of the art software.

It is one thing for a family member to go through your personal files without your permission, but it is an entirely different thing when someone you do not know takes over you life with that same information. Identity hijacking is a growing business these days, and it is good for everyone to know that a huge percent of the information that these hijackers use come from the victims own personal computer. It is in your best interest to get and install good internet eraser software on your PC. This will make a huge difference in your life and will keep your information and the information of your family members safe and private, like it was meant to be.

Your Wait is Over.......Watch Out...!!!

2008-07-03T10:09:00.002+05:30

Hi Everyone...!

I am back with BANGgg...!!! NOw keep watching regular posts from me. Hope you all will enjoy like before....

Again, the repeated lines... JuSt FoLlOw Me...!!!Yo!!!

Keep Rocking

PageRank By ashesh deep

2008-03-18T05:14:00.003+05:30

Introduction

PageRank is a numeric value that represents how important a page is on the web. Google figures that when one page links to another page, it is effectively casting a vote for the other page. The more votes that are cast for a page, the more important the page must be. Also, the importance of the page that is casting the vote determines how important the vote itself is. Google calculates a page's importance from the votes cast for it. How important each vote is taken into account when a page's PageRank is calculated. PageRank is Google's way of deciding a page's importance. It matters because it is one of the factors that determine a page's ranking in the search results. It isn't the only factor that Google uses to rank pages, but it is an important one.

From here onwards, we'll occasionally refer to PageRank as "PR".

Notes

Not all links are counted by Google. For instance, they filter out links from known link farms. Some links can cause a site to be penalized by Google. They rightly figure that webmasters cannot control which sites link to their sites, but they can control which sites they link out to. For this reason, links into a site cannot harm the site, but links from a site can be harmful if they link to penalized sites. So be careful which sites you link to. If a site has PR0, it is usually a penalty, and it would be unwise to link to it.

How is PageRank calculated?

To calculate the PageRank for a page, all of its inbound links are taken into account. These are links from within the site and links from outside the site.

PR(A) = (1-d) + d(PR(t1)/C(t1) + ... + PR (tn)/C (tn))

That's the equation that calculates a page's PageRank. It's the original one that was published when PageRank was being developed, and it is probable that Google uses a variation of it but they aren't telling us what it is. It doesn't matter though, as this equation is good enough.
In the equation 't1 - tn' are pages linking to page A, 'C' is the number of outbound links that a page has and 'd' is a damping factor, usually set to 0.85.
We can think of it in a simpler way:-
a page's PageRank = 0.15 + 0.85 * (a "share" of the PageRank of every page that links to it)
"share" = the linking page's PageRank divided by the number of outbound links on the page.
A page "votes" an amount of PageRank onto each page that it links to. The amount of PageRank that it has to vote with is a little less than its own PageRank value (its own value * 0.85). This value is shared equally between all the pages that it links to.
From this, we could conclude that a link from a page with PR4 and 5 outbound links are worth more than a link from a
page with PR8 and 100 outbound links. The PageRank of a page that links to yours is important but the number of links on that page is also important. The more links there are on

a page, the less PageRank value your page will receive from it.

If the PageRank value differences between PR1, PR2,.....PR10 were equal then that conclusion would hold up, but many people believe that the values between PR1 and PR10 (the maximum) are set on a logarithmic scale, and there is very good reason for believing it. Nobody outside Google knows for sure one way or the other, but the chances are high that the scale is logarithmic, or similar. If so, it means that it takes a lot more additional PageRank for a page to move up to the next PageRank level that it did to move up from the previous PageRank level. The result is that it reverses the previous conclusion, so that a link from a PR8 page that has lots of outbound links is worth more than a link from a PR4 page that has only a few outbound links.
Whichever scale Google uses, we can be sure of one thing. A link from another site increases our site's PageRank. Just remember to avoid links from link farms.
Note that when a page votes its PageRank value to other pages, its own PageRank is not reduced by the value that it is voting. The page doing the voting doesn't give away its PageRank and end up with nothing. It isn't a transfer of PageRank. It is simply a vote according to the page's PageRank value. It's like a shareholders meeting where each shareholder votes according to the number of shares held, but the shares themselves aren't given away. Even so, pages do lose some PageRank indirectly, as we'll see later.

Ok so far? Good. Now we'll look at how the calculations are actually done.
For a page's calculation, its existing PageRank (if it has any) is abandoned completely and a fresh calculation is done
where the page relies solely on the PageRank "voted" for it by its current inbound links, which may have changed since the last time the page's PageRank was calculated. The equation shows clearly how a page's PageRank is arrived at. But what isn't immediately obvious is that it can't work if the calculation is done just once. Suppose we have 2 pages, A and B, which link to each other, and neither have any other links of any kind.
This is what happens:-
Step 1: Calculate page A's PageRank from the value of its inbound links
Page A now has a new PageRank value. The calculation used the value of the inbound link from page B. But page B has an inbound link (from page A) and its new PageRank value hasn't been worked out yet, so page A's new PageRank value is based on inaccurate data and can't be accurate.
Step 2: Calculate page B's PageRank from the value of its inbound links
Page B now has a new PageRank value, but it can't be accurate because the calculation used the new PageRank value of the inbound link from page A, which is inaccurate.

It's a Catch 22 situation. We can't work out A's PageRank until we know B's PageRank, and we can't work out B's PageRank until we know A's PageRank.
Now that both pages have newly calculated PageRank values, can't we just run the calculations again to arrive at accurate values? No. We can run the calculations again using the new values and the results will be more accurate, but we will always be using inaccurate values for the calculations, so the results will always be inaccurate.
The problem is overcome by repeating the calculations many times. Each time produces slightly more accurate values. In fact, total accuracy can never be achieved because the calculations are always based on inaccurate values. 40 to 50 iterations are sufficient to reach a point where any further iteration wouldn't produce enough of a change to the values to matter. This is precisely what Google does at each update, and it's the reason why the updates take so long.
One thing to bear in mind is that the results we get from the calculations are proportions. The figures must then be set against a scale (known only to Google) to arrive at each page's actual PageRank. Even so, we can use the calculations to channel the PageRank within a site around its pages so that certain pages receive a higher proportion of it than others.

NOTES

You may come across explanations of PageRank where the same equation is stated but the result of each iteration of the calculation is added to the page's existing PageRank. The new value (result + existing PageRank) is then used when sharing PageRank with other pages.
These explanations are wrong for the following reasons:-
1. They quote the same, published equation - but then change it from

PR(A) = (1-d) + d(......) to PR(A) = PR(A) + (1-d) + d(......)

It isn't correct, and it isn't necessary.

2. We will be looking at how to organize links so that certain pages end up with a larger proportion of the PageRank than others. Adding to the page's existing PageRank through the iterations produces different proportions than when the equation is used as published. Since the addition is not a part of the published equation, the results are wrong and the proportioning isn't accurate.

According to the published equation, the page being calculated starts from scratch at each iteration. It relies solely on its inbound links. The 'add to the existing PageRank' idea doesn't do that, so its results are necessarily wrong.

Internal linking

Fact: A website has a maximum amount of PageRank that is distributed between its pages by internal links.
The maximum PageRank in a site equals the number of pages in the site * 1. The maximum is increased by inbound links from other sites and decreased by outbound links to other sites. We are talking about the overall PageRank in the site and not the PageRank of any individual page. You don't have to take my word for it. You can reach the same conclusion by using a pencil and paper and the equation.
Fact: The maximum amount of PageRank in a site increases as the number of pages in the site increases.

The more pages that a site has, the more PageRank it has. Again, by using a pencil and paper and the equation, you can come to the same conclusion. Bear in mind that the only pages that count are the ones that Google knows about.
Fact: By linking poorly, it is possible to fail to reach the site's maximum PageRank, but it is not possible to exceed it.
Poor internal linkages can cause a site to fall short of its maximum but no kind of internal link structure can cause a site to exceed it.
The only way to increase the maximum is to add more inbound links and/or increase the number of pages in the site.

Cautions: Whilst I thoroughly recommend creating and adding new pages to increase a site's total PageRank so that it can be channeled to specific pages, there are certain types of pages that should not be added.

These are pages that are all identical or very nearly identical and are known as cookie-cutters. Google considers them to be spam and they can trigger an alarm that causes the pages, and possibly the entire site, to be penalized. Pages full of good content are a must.

What can we do with this 'overall' PageRank?

We are going to look at some example calculations to see how a site's PageRank can be manipulated, but before doing that, I need to point out that a page will be included in the Google index only if one or more pages on the web link to it. That's according to Google. If a page is not in the Google index, any links from it can't be included in the calculations.
For the examples, we are going to ignore that fact, mainly because other 'PageRank Explained' type documents ignore

it in the calculations, and it might be confusing when comparing documents. The calculator operates in two modes:- Simple and Real. In Simple mode, the calculations assume that all pages are in the Google index, whether or not any other pages link to them. In Real mode the calculations disregard unlinked-to pages. These examples show the results as calculated in Simple mode.

Let's consider a 3 page site (pages A, B and C) with no links coming in from the outside. We will allocate each page an initial PageRank of 1, although it makes no difference whether we start each page with 1, 0 or 99. Apart from a few millionths of a PageRank point, after much iteration the end result is always the same. Starting with 1 requires less iteration for the PageRank to converge to a suitable result than

when starting with 0 or any other number. You may want to use a pencil and paper to follow this or you can follow it with the calculator.
The site's maximum PageRank is the amount of PageRank in the site. In this case, we have 3 pages so the site's maximum is 3.
At the moment, none of the pages link to any other pages and none link to them. If you make the calculation once for each page, you'll find that each of them ends up with a PageRank of 0.15. No matter how many iterations you run, each page's PageRank remains at 0.15. The total PageRank in the site = 0.45, whereas it could be 3. The site is seriously wasting most of its potential PageRank.

Example 1

Now begin again with each page being allocated PR1. Link page A to page B and run the calculations for each page. We end up with:- Page A = 0.15 Page B = 1 Page C = 0.15
Page A has "voted" for page B and, as a result, page B's PageRank has increased. This is looking good for page B, but it's only 1 iteration - we haven't taken account of the Catch 22 situations. Look at what happens to the figures after more iterations:-
After 100 iterations the figures are: - Page A = 0.15 Page B = 0.2775 Page C = 0.15
It still looks good for page B but nowhere near as good as it did. These figures are more realistic. The total PageRank in the site is now 0.5775 - slightly better but still only a fraction of what it could be.

Example 2

Try this linkage. Link all pages to all pages. Each page starts with PR1 again. This produces:- Page A = 1 Page B = 1 Page C = 1
Now we've achieved the maximum. No matter how many iterations are run, each page always ends up with PR1. The same results occur by linking in a loop. E.g. A to B, B to C and C to D. View this in the calculator.
This has demonstrated that, by poor linking, it is quite easy to waste PageRank and by good linking, we can achieve a site's full potential. But we don't particularly want all the site's pages to have an equal share. We want one or more pages to have a larger share at the expense of others.

The kinds of pages that we might want to have the larger shares are the index page; hub pages and pages that are optimized for certain search terms. We have only 3 pages, so we'll channel the PageRank to the index page - page A. It will serve to show the idea of channeling.

Example 3

Now try this. Link page A to both B and C. Also link pages B and C to A. Starting with PR1 all round, after 1 iteration the results are: -
Page A = 1.85 Page B = 0.575 Page C = 0.575
and after 100 iterations, the results are: - Page A = 1.459459 Page B = 0.7702703 Page C = 0.7702703
In both cases the total PageRank in the site is 3 (the maximum) so none is being wasted. Also in both cases you can see that page A has a much larger proportion of the PageRank than the other 2 pages.

This is because pages B and C are passing PageRank to A and not to any other pages. We have channeled a large proportion of the site's PageRank to where we wanted it.

Example 4

Finally, keep the previous links and add a link from page C to page B. Start again with PR1 all round. After 1 iteration:-
Page A = 1.425 Page B = 1 Page C = 0.575
By comparison to the 1 iteration figures in the previous example, page A has lost some PageRank, page B has gained some and page C stayed the same. Page C now shares its "vote" between A and B.

Previously A received all of it. That's why page A has lost out and why page B has gained and after 100 iterations:-
Page A = 1.298245 Page B = 0.9999999 Page C = 0.7017543
When the dust has settled, page C has lost a little PageRank because, having now shared its vote between A and B, instead of giving it all to A, A has less to give to C in the A------>C link. So adding an extra link from a page causes the page to lose PageRank indirectly if any of the pages that it links to return the link. If the pages that it links to don't return the link, then no PageRank loss would have occurred. To make it more complicated, if the link is returned even indirectly (via a page that links to a page that links to a page etc), the page will lose a little PageRank. This isn't really important with internal links, but it does matter when linking to pages outside the site.

Example 5: new pages

Adding new pages to a site is an important way of increasing a site's total PageRank because each new page will add an average of 1 to the total. Once the new pages have been added, their new PageRank can be channeled to the important pages.
We'll use the calculator to demonstrate these.
Let's add 3 new pages to Example 3. Three new pages but they don't do anything for us yet. The small increase in the Total, and the new pages' 0.15, are unrealistic as we shall see. So let's link them into the site.
Link each of the new pages to the important page, page A. Notice that the Total PageRank has doubled, from 3 (without the new pages) to 6. Notice also that page A's PageRank has almost doubled.

There is one thing wrong with this model. The new pages are orphans. They wouldn't get into Google's index, so they wouldn't add any PageRank to the site and they wouldn't pass any PageRank to page A. They each need to be linked to from at least one other page.
If page A is the important page, the best page to put the links on is, surprisingly, page A. You can play around with the links but, from page A's point of view, there isn't a better place for them.
It is not a good idea for one page to link to a large number of pages so, if you are adding many new pages, spread the links around.
The chances are that there is more than one important page in a site, so it is usually suitable to spread the links to and from the new pages.
You can use the calculator to experiment with mini-models of a site to find the best links that produce the best results for its important pages.

Examples summary

You can see that, by organizing the internal links, it is possible to channel a site's PageRank to selected pages. Internal links can be arranged to suit a site's PageRank needs, but it is only useful if Google knows about the pages, so do try to ensure that Google spiders them.

Questions

Q: When a page has several links to another page, are all the links counted?
E.g. if page A links once to page B and 3 times to page C, does page C receive 3/4 of page A's shareable PageRank?
The PageRank concept is that a page casts votes for one or more other pages. Nothing is said in the original PageRank document about a page casting more than one vote for a single page. The idea seems to be against the PageRank concept and would certainly be open to manipulation by unrealistically proportioning votes for target pages. E.g. if an outbound link, or a link to an unimportant page, is necessary, add a bunch of links to an important page to minimize the effect.
Since we are unlikely to get a definitive answer from Google, it is reasonable to assume that a page can cast only one vote for another page, and that additional votes for the same page are not counted.

Q: When a page links to itself, is the link counted?

Again, the concept is that pages cast votes for other pages. Nothing is said in the original document about pages casting votes for themselves. The idea seems to be against the concept and, also, it would be another way to manipulate the results. So, for those reasons, it is reasonable to assume that a page can't vote for itself, and that such links are not counted.

Dangling links

"Dangling links are simply links that point to any page with no outgoing links. They affect the model because it is not clear where their weight should be distributed, and there are a large number of them. Often these dangling links are simply pages that we have not downloaded yet..........Because dangling links do not affect the ranking of any other page directly, we simply remove them from the system until all the PageRank’s are calculated. After all the PageRank’s are calculated they can be added back in without affecting things significantly." - extract from the original PageRank paper by Google’s founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page.

A dangling link is a link to a page that has no links going from it, or a link to a page that Google hasn't indexed. In both cases Google removes the links shortly after the start of the calculations and reinstates them shortly before the calculations are finished. In this way, their effect on the PageRank of other pages in minimal.
The results shown in Example 1 (right diagram.) are wrong because page B has no links going from it, and so the link from page A to page B is dangling and would be removed from the calculations. The results of the calculations would show all three pages as having 0.15.
It may suit site functionality to link to pages that have no links going from them without losing any PageRank from the other pages but it would be waste of potential PageRank. Take a look at this example. The site's potential is 5 because it has 5 pages, but without page E linked in, the site only has 4.15.

Link page A to page E and click calculate. Notice that the site's total has gone down very significantly. But, because the new link is dangling and would be removed from the calculations, we can ignore the new total and assume the previous 4.15 to be true. That's the effect of

functionally useful, dangling links in the site. There's no overall PageRank loss.

However, some of the site's potential total is still being wasted, so link Page E back to Page A and click Calculate. Now we have the maximum PageRank that is possible with 5 pages. Nothing is being wasted.

Although it may be functionally good to link to pages within the site without those pages linking out again, it is bad for PageRank. It is pointless wasting PageRank unnecessarily, so always make sure that every page in the site links out to at least one other page in the site.

Inbound links

Inbound links (links into the site from the outside) are one way to increase a site's total PageRank. The other is to add more pages. Where the links come from doesn't matter. Google recognizes that a webmaster has no control over other sites linking into a site, and so sites are not penalized because of where the links come from. There is an exception to this rule but it is rare and doesn't concern this article. It isn't something that a webmaster can accidentally do.
The linking page's PageRank is important, but so is the number of links going from that page. For instance, if you

are the only link from a page that has a lowly PR2, you will receive an injection of 0.15 + 0.85(2/1) = 1.85 into your
Site, whereas a link from a PR8 page that has another 99 links from it will increase your site's PageRank by 0.15 + 0.85(7/100) = 0.2095. Clearly, the PR2 link is much better –
or is it? See here for a probable reason why this is not the case.
Once the PageRank is injected into your site, the calculations are done again and each page's PageRank is changed. Depending on the internal link structure, some pages'

PageRank is increased, some are unchanged but no pages lose any PageRank.
It is beneficial to have the inbound links coming to the pages to which you are channeling your PageRank. A PageRank injection to any other page will be spread around the site through the internal links. The important pages will receive an increase, but not as much of an increase as when they are linked to directly. The page that receives the inbound link makes the biggest gain.
It is easy to think of our site as being a small, self-contained network of pages. When we do the PageRank calculations we are dealing with our small network. If we make a link to another site, we lose some of our network's PageRank, and if we receive a link, our network's PageRank is added to. But it isn't like that. For the PageRank calculations, there is only one network - every page that Google has in its index. Each

iteration of the calculation is done on the entire network and not on individual websites.
Because the entire network is interlinked, and every link and every page plays its part in each iteration of the calculations, it is impossible for us to calculate the effect of inbound links to our site with any realistic accuracy.

Outbound links

Outbound links are a drain on a site's total PageRank. They leak PageRank. To counter the drain, try to ensure that the links are reciprocated. Because of the PageRank of the pages at each end of an external link, and the number of links out from those pages, reciprocal links can gain or lose PageRank. You need to take care when choosing where to exchange links.

When PageRank leaks from a site via a link to another site, all the pages in the internal link structure are affected. (This doesn't always show after just 1 iteration).

The page that you link out from makes a difference to which pages suffer the most loss. Without a program to perform the calculations on specific link structures, it is difficult to decide on the right page to link out from, but the generalization is to link from the one with the lowest PageRank.

Many websites need to contain some outbound links that are nothing to do with PageRank. Unfortunately, all 'normal' outbound links leak PageRank. But there are 'abnormal' ways of linking to other sites that don't result in leaks. PageRank is leaked when Google recognizes a link to another site.

The answer is to use links that Google doesn't recognize or count. These include form actions and links contained in JavaScript code.

Form actions

A form's 'action' attribute does not need to be the URL of a form parsing script. It can point to any html page on any site. Try it.

Example:

Click here

To be really sneaky, the action attribute could be in some JavaScript code rather than in the form tag, and the JavaScript code could be loaded from a 'js' file stored in a directory that is barred to Google's spider by the robots.txt file.

JavaScript

Example:

Click here

Like the form action, it is sneaky to load the JavaScript code, which contains the URLs, from a separate 'js' file, and sneakier still if the file is stored in a directory that is barred to googlebot by the robots.txt file.

The "rel" attribute

As of 18th January 2005, Google, together with other search engines, is recognizing a new attribute to the anchor tag. The attribute is "rel", and it is used as follows:-

link text

The attribute tells Google to ignore the link completely. The link won't help the target page's PageRank, and it won't help its rankings. It is as though the link doesn't exist. With this attribute, there is no longer any need for JavaScript, forms, or any other method of hiding links from Google.

So how much additional PageRank do we need to move up the toolbar?

First, let me explain in more detail why the values shown in the Google toolbar are not the actual PageRank figures. According to the equation, and to the creators of Google, the billions of pages on the web average out to a PageRank of 1.0 per page. So the total PageRank on the web is equal to the number of pages on the web * 1, which equals a lot of PageRank spread around the web.
The Google toolbar range is from 1 to 10. (They sometimes show 0, but that figure isn't believed to be a PageRank calculation result). What Google does is divide the full range of actual PageRank’s on the web into 10 parts - each part is represented by a value as shown in the toolbar. So the toolbar values only show what part of the overall range a page's PageRank is in, and not the actual PageRank itself. The numbers in the toolbar are just labels.

Whether or not the overall range is divided into 10 equal parts is a matter for debate - Google aren't saying. But because it is much harder to move up a toolbar point at the higher end than it is at the lower end, many people (including me) believe that the divisions are based on a logarithmic scale, or something very similar, rather than the equal divisions of a linear scale.
Let's assume that it is a logarithmic, base 10 scale, and that it takes 10 properly linked new pages to move a site's important page up 1 toolbar point. It will take 100 new

pages to move it up another point, 1000 new pages to move it up one more, 10,000 to the next, and so on. That's why moving up at the lower end is much easier that at the higher end.
In reality, the base is unlikely to be 10. Some people think it is around the 5 or 6 mark, and maybe even less. Even so, it still gets progressively harder to move up a toolbar point at the higher end of the scale.
Note that as the number of pages on the web increases, so does the total PageRank on the web, and as the total PageRank increases, the positions of the divisions in the overall scale must change. As a result, some pages drop a toolbar point for no 'apparent' reason.
If the page's actual PageRank was only just above a division in the scale, the addition of new pages to the web would cause the division to move up slightly and the page would end up just below the division. Google's index is always increasing and they re-evaluate each of the pages on more or less a monthly basis. It's known as the "Google dance". When the dance is over, some pages will have dropped a toolbar point. A number of new pages might be all that is needed to get the point back after the next dance.

The toolbar value is a good indicator of a page's PageRank but it only indicates that a page is in a certain range of the overall scale. One PR5 page could be just above the PR5 division and another PR5 page could be just below the PR6 division - almost a whole division (toolbar point) between them.

Conclusion & Tips

Domain names and Filenames

To a spider, www.domain.com/, domain.com/, www.domain.com/index.html and domain.com/index.html are different URLs and, therefore, different pages. Surfers arrive at the site's home page whichever of the urls are used, but spiders see them as individual urls, and it makes a difference when working out the PageRank. It is better to standardize the URL you use for the site's home page. Otherwise each URL can end up with a different PageRank, whereas all of it should have gone to just one url.

If you think about it, how can a spider know the filename of the page that it gets back when requesting www.domain.com/? It can't. The filename could be index.html, index.htm, index.php, default.html, etc. The spider doesn't know. If you link to index.html within the site, the spider could compare the 2 pages but that seems unlikely. So they are 2 URLs and each receives PageRank from inbound links. Standardizing the home page's URL ensures that the PageRank it is due isn't shared with ghost URLs.

Adding new pages

There is a possible negative effect of adding new pages. Take a perfectly normal site. It has some inbound links from other sites and its pages have some PageRank. Then a new page is added to the site and is linked to from one or more of the existing pages. The new page will, of course, aquire PageRank from the site's existing pages. The effect is that,

whilst the total PageRank in the site is increased, one or more of the existing pages will suffer a PageRank loss due to the new page making gains. Up to a point, the more new pages that are added, the greater is the loss to the existing pages. With large sites, this effect is unlikely to be noticed but, with smaller ones, it probably would.

So, although adding new pages does increase the total PageRank within the site, some of the site's pages will lose PageRank as a result. The answer is to link new pages is such a way within the site that the important pages don't suffer, or add sufficient new pages to make up for the effect (that can sometimes mean adding a large number of new pages), or better still, get some more inbound links.

Miscellaneous

The Google toolbar

If you have the Google toolbar installed in your browser, you will be used to seeing each page's PageRank as you browse the web. But all isn't always as it seems. Many pages that Google displays the PageRank for haven't been indexed in Google and certainly don't have any PageRank in their own right. What is happening is that one or more pages on the site have been indexed and a PageRank has been calculated. The PageRank figure for the site's pages that haven't been indexed is allocated on the fly - just for your toolbar. The PageRank itself doesn't exist.
It's important to know this so that you can avoid exchanging links with pages that really don't have any PageRank of their own. Before making exchanges, search for the page on Google to make sure that it is indexed.

Sub-directories

Some people believe that Google drops a page's PageRank by a value of 1 for each sub-directory level below the root directory. E.g. if the value of pages in the root directory is generally around 4, then pages in the next directory level down will be generally around 3, and so on down the levels. Other people (including me) don't accept that at all. Either way, because some spiders tend to avoid deep sub-directories, it is generally considered to be beneficial to keep directory structures shallow (directories one or two levels below the root).

Bibliography
The Google Story by David A. Wise
PageRank Explained by Phil Craven

URL:
www.webworkshop.net
www.Google.co.in

Sorry, for being Offline....

2008-01-26T01:19:00.000+05:30

Hi fans....!!!

I am very to say that i will be offline for few weeks due to some unavoidable circumstances.

Hope will be right back with some exceptional stuffs.....

Just follow me....!!!Yo!!!.....

Regards,

ashesh deep

THE GOOGLE STORY ---- by ashesh deep

2007-12-05T02:51:00.000+05:30

"Here is the story behind one of the most remarkable Internet successes of our time. Based on scrupulous research and extraordinary access to Google, this article takes you inside the creation and growth of a company whose name is a favorite brand and a standard verb recognized around the world. Its stock is worth more than General Motors’ and Ford’s combined, its staff eats for free in a dining room that used to be run by the Grateful Dead’s former chef, and its employees traverse the firm’s colorful Silicon Valley campus on scooters and inline skates.

THE GOOGLE STORY is the definitive account of the populist media company powered by the world’s most advanced technology that in a few short years has revolutionized access to information about everything for everybody everywhere. In 1998, Moscow-born Sergey Brin and Midwest-born Larry Page dropped out of graduate school at Stanford University to, in their own words, “change the world” through a search engine that would organize every bit of information on the Web for free.While the company has done exactly that in more than one hundred languages, Google’s quest continues as it seeks to add millions of library books, television broadcasts, and more to its searchable database.

You will learn about the amazing business acumen and computer wizardry that started the company on its astonishing course; the secret network of computers delivering lightning-fast search results; the unorthodox approach that has enabled it to challenge Microsoft’s dominance and shake up Wall Street. Even as it rides high, Google wrestles with difficult choices that will enable it to continue expanding while sustaining the guiding vision of its founders’ mantra: DO NO EVIL."

Back Before it was a GOOGLE......

According to Google lore, company founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin were not terribly fond of each other when they first met as Stanford University graduate students in computer science in 1995. Larry was a 24-year-old University of Michigan alumnus on a weekend visit; Sergey, 23, was among a group of students assigned to show him around. They argued about every topic they discussed. Their strong opinions and divergent viewpoints would eventually find common ground in a unique approach to solving one of computing's biggest challenges: retrieving relevant information from a massive set of data.
By January of 1996, Larry and Sergey had begun collaboration on a search engine called BackRub, named for its unique ability to analyze the "back links" pointing to a given website. Larry, who had always enjoyed tinkering with machinery and had gained some notoriety for building a working printer out of Lego™ bricks, took on the task of creating a new kind of server environment that used low-end PCs instead of big expensive machines. Afflicted by the perennial shortage of cash common to graduate students everywhere, the pair took to haunting the department's loading docks in hopes of tracking down newly arrived computers that they could borrow for their network.
A year later, their unique approach to link analysis was earning BackRub a growing reputation among those who had seen it. Buzz about the new search technology began to build as word spread around campus.

The hard work continued...

Larry and Sergey continued working to perfect their technology through the first half of 1998. Following a path that would become a key tenet of the Google way, they bought a terabyte of disks at bargain prices and built their own computer housings in Larry's dorm room, which became Google's first data center. Meanwhile Sergey set up a business office, and the two began calling on potential partners who might want to license a search technology better than any then available. Despite the dotcom fever of the day, they had little interest in building a company of their own around the technology they had developed.
Among those they called on was friend and Yahoo! founder David Filo. Filo agreed that their technology was solid, but encouraged Larry and Sergey to grow the service themselves by starting a search engine company. "When it's fully developed and scalable," he told them, "let's talk again." Others were less interested in Google, as it was now known. One portal CEO told them, "As long as we're 80 percent as good as our competitors, that's good enough. Our users don't really care about search."

One Lucky Click away.....

Andy Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, was used to taking the long view. One look at their demo and he knew Google had potential – a lot of potential. But though his interest had been piqued, he was pressed for time. As Sergey tells it, "We met him very early one morning on the porch of a Stanford faculty member's home in Palo Alto. We gave him a quick demo. He had to run off somewhere, so he said, 'Instead of us discussing all the details, why don't I just write you a check?' It was made out to Google Inc. and was for $100,000."
The investment created a small dilemma. Since there was no legal entity known as "Google Inc.," there was no way to deposit the check. It sat in Larry's desk drawer for a couple of weeks while he and Sergey scrambled to set up a corporation and locate other funders among family, friends, and acquaintances. Ultimately they brought in a total initial investment of almost $1 million.
Everyone's favorite garage band
In September 1998, Google Inc. opened its door in Menlo Park, California. The door came with a remote control, as it was attached to the garage of a friend who sublet space to the new corporation's staff of three. The office offered several big advantages, including a washer and dryer and a hot tub. It also provided a parking space for the first employee hired by the new company: Craig Silverstein, now Google's director of technology.
Already Google.com, still in beta, was answering 10,000 search queries each day. The press began to take notice of the upstart website with the relevant search results, and articles extolling Google appeared in USA TODAY and Le Monde. That December, PC Magazine named Google one of its Top 100 Web Sites and Search Engines for 1998. Google was moving up in the world.

A Real life Instance of Sergey & Larry by an Expert...

Sergey Brin and Larry Page cruised onto the stage to the kind of roars and excitement that teenagers normally reserve for rock stars. They had entered the auditorium through a rear door, leaving behind photographers, sunglasses, a pair of hired cars with drivers, and an attractive young woman who was traveling with Sergey. Dressed casually, they sat down and cracked smiles, pleased at their heroes’ welcome. They were near the birthplace of civilization, thousands of miles and an ocean away from the place where their work together had begun. It seemed as good a place as any for a pair of young superstars, whose shared ambition revolved around changing the world, to talk about what they had done, how they had done it, and what their dreams were for the future.“Do you guys know the story of Google?” Page asked. “Do you want me to tell it?”“Yes!” the crowd shouted.It was September 2003, and the hundreds of students and faculty at this Israeli high school geared toward the brightest young minds in mathematics wanted to hear everything the youthful inventors had to say. Many of them identified with Brin because, like him, they had escaped with their families from Mother Russia in search of freedom. And they related to Page just as eagerly, since he was part of the duo that had created the most powerful and accessible information tool of their time–a tool sparking change that was already sweeping the world. Like kids playing basketball and dreaming of being the next Michael Jordan, the students wanted to be like Sergey Brin and Larry Page.“Google was started when Sergey and I were Ph.D. students at Stanford University in computer science,” Page began, “and we didn’t know exactly what we wanted to do. I got this crazy idea that I was going to download the entire Web onto my computer. I told my advisor that it would only take a week. After about a year or so, I had some portion of it.” The students laughed. “So optimism is important,” he went on. “You have to be a little silly about the goals you are going to set. There is a phrase I learned in college called, ‘Having a healthy disregard for the impossible,’” Page said. “That is a really good phrase. You should try to do things that most people would not.”As proponents of tackling important problems and seeking transformative solutions, Brin and Page were certainly armed with a healthy disregard for the impossible. And while not much older than the throng of high school students who packed the jammed auditorium, they were truly in a class by themselves. In the rich and storied history of American invention and capitalism, there had never been a meteoric rise comparable to theirs. It had taken Thomas Edison a quarter century to invent the lightbulb; Alexander Graham Bell had spent many years developing the telephone; Henry Ford created the modern assembly line and turned it into the mass production and consumption of automobiles only after decades of work; and Thomas Watson Jr. labored long and hard before IBM rolled out the modern computer. But Brin and Page, in just five years, had taken a graduate school research project and turned it into a multibillion-dollar enterprise with global reach. They were in Tel Aviv, but had it been Tokyo, Toronto, or Taipei, the Google Guys would have received the same raucous reception. The youthful pair had changed the lives of millions of people by giving them free, instant access to information about any subject. And by being devilishly clever in the Internet age, they had created the best-known new brand in the world without advertising to promote the name. The two were astute businessmen, and knew that to succeed over time it was imperative that they remain in complete control of their privately owned business and its quirky culture. It saddened Page that many inventors die without ever seeing the fruits of their labors. Determined to avoid a similar fate, he and Brin understood how to use the right connections, access to money and brilliant minds, raw computing power, and a culture of limitless possibilities to make Google a beacon and a magnet. In the click of a mouse, it had replaced Microsoft as the place for the world’s top technologists to work. Yet they knew that maintaining the pace of innovation and the mantle of leadership would be no easy feat, since they faced a deeper-pocketed competitor in Microsoft, and a ruthless combatant in its chief, the billionaire Bill Gates.Supremely confident about their achievements and vision, Brin and Page had been on a roll ever since they started working together. They wanted no one–neither competitors nor outside investors–to come between them or interfere in any way. That combination of dependence on each other, and independence from everyone else, had contributed immeasurably to their astounding success.“So I started downloading the Web, and Sergey started helping me because he was interested in data mining and making sense of the information,” Page went on, continuing with the pair’s history. “When we first met each other, we thought the other was really obnoxious. Then we hit it off and became really good friends. That was about eight years ago. And we started working really, really hard on it.” He stressed this critical point: inspiration still required plenty of perspiration. “There was an important lesson for us. We worked through holidays, and worked many, many hours a day. It ended up working out, but it is hard because it takes a lot of effort.”Page said that as they told friends about Google, more and more people started using it. “Pretty soon we had 10,000 searches a day at Stanford. And we sat around the room and looked at the machines and said, ‘This is about how many searches we can do, and we need more computers.’ Our whole history has been like that. We always need more computers.”It was a sentiment the students and teachers at the school could relate to.“So, we started a company. Being in Silicon Valley at this time, it was relatively easy to do. You have a number of very excellent companies here as well,” he added, alluding to the growing technology sector in Israel, “so this is also a good environment to do things like that. We started up the company, and it grew and grew and grew–and that is why we are here. So that,” he concluded, “is ‘The Google Story.’”But there was something more he wanted to convey: closing words of inspiration.“Let me explain to you guys why I am so excited about being here,” Page said. “And it is really that there is so much leverage in science and technology. I think most people don’t really realize that. There is so much that can be done with these new technologies. We are an example of that.“Two kind of crazy kids have had a big impact on the world because of the power of the Internet, the power of the distribution, and the power of software and computers. And there are so many things like that out there. There are so many opportunities where you can have a huge impact on the world by using the leverage of science and technology. All of you are uniquely positioned, and you should be excited about that.”Brin interjected that the pair’s overseas travels included not only Israel but also several European countries. They were on the prowl for talent, and they were considering opening new offices. For Sergey, who has a sharp sense of humor, the search was ongoing. “We spend most of our time trying to get Internet access,” he quipped. “We surf every day. I was on until 4 a.m. last night. And then I got on again earlier this morning. It is an invaluable tool. It is kind of like a respirator now.”Having fled Russia with his family for freedom from anti-Semitism and discrimination, Brin had something powerful in common with the experience of many of the Russian-born students at the Israeli high school. His father, Michael Brin, had captured the essence of why he and his wife and young son had left Russia when he said that one’s love of country is not always reciprocated. Sergey recognized that he had a special opportunity to motivate these students, so he took the wireless microphone in hand, stood up, and connected. He had been advised before they came to the high school that this group truly was extraordinary, the best of breed, and the recent recipients of all but three of the top mathematics prizes in the country.“Ladies and gentlemen, girls and boys . . .” he said, before speaking in Russian, to the delight of the students, who broke out in spontaneous applause.“I came and emigrated from Russia when I was six. I went to the United States. Similar to here, I have standard Russian-Jewish parents. My dad is a math professor. They have a certain attitude about studies. And I think I can relate that here, because I was told that your school recently got seven out of the top ten places in a math competition throughout all Israel.”The students, unaware of what was coming next, applauded their seven-out-of-ten achievement and the recognition from Sergey.“What I have to say,” Sergey continued, “is in the words of my father, ‘What about the other three?’”A ripple of laughter went through the crowd. “You have several things here that I didn’t have when I was going through high school. The first one is the beautiful weather and the windows. My school in Maryland, which was built during the ’70s energy crisis, has three-foot-thick walls and no windows. You are very fortunate to be in such a beautiful setting. The other thing we didn’t have back then was Internet access. “Let me get a show of hands. How many of you used the Internet yesterday?”Virtually every hand in the auditorium shot up.

What's next from Google?

It's hard to say. We don't talk much about what lies ahead, because we believe one of our chief competitive advantages is surprise. And then there's innovation, and an almost fanatical devotion to our users. These are the things that fuel us, and, we hope, fuel our dreams.

Courtsey: 1. http://www.google.com/corporate/history.html
2. The Google Story by David Wise & Mark Malseed

How to Reset the Password of Windows XP, if forgotten accidently? ---by ashesh deep

2007-11-29T06:45:00.000+05:30

To solve the above problem, we must follow the following steps:-

Download the file "cd060213.zip" from

http://home.eunet.no/~pnordah1/ntpasswd/cd/cd060213.zip. Extact the ISO file that is in

zip file and burn dis image to a CD; this is a bootable Linux Kernel image. Burn it as an

image of aCD. Set ur computer 2 boot 4m CD/DVD drive. Insert CD in drive and reboot.

And follow easy instructios to RESET WIN-XP PASSWORD.

Bad news for IT employees...

2007-11-23T06:32:00.000+05:30

IT companies, faced with a free-falling dollar and receding bottomlines, are cutting wages of

their staff, reducing increments and freezing recruitment. They are also forcing techies to work

for more hours so that every dollar they earn is worth it. Industry analysts say Indian software

companies, labelled globally as cyber sweat shops, spend up to 45 per cent of their dollar

earnings on staff salaries. And every dollar counts at a time when the greenback has plunged to

an all-time low of Rs 39.39. Of course, the latest developments have been worrying those

techies who earn part-dollar wages.

India's SUPERCOMPUTER is really Superb...

2007-11-14T00:53:00.001+05:30

Hi!

ashesh deep is back with some technical but interested post. Being an indian i really feel proud to have a software background. I am going to tell about a new national craze. I saw this article in Times news and so wanted to throw some lights on SUPERCOMPUTERS. So, again the repeated lines----"just follow me"----yo........ a beautiful mind ashesh deep is back.....

India's Supercomputer is inTop4

India has surprisingly broken into the Top Ten in a much-fancied twice-yearly list of

the fastest supercomputers in the world, marking a giant leap in its push towards

becoming a global IT power. A cluster platform at Pune's Computational Research

Laboratories (CRL), a Tata subsidiary, has been ranked fourth in the widelyanticipated TOP500 list released at an international conference on high performance computing in Reno, Nevada.

It is the first time that India has figured in the Top100 let alone Top Ten of the supercomputing list. The list, which is usually dominated by the United States, is also notable this time because it has five new entrants in the Top Ten, with supercomputers in Germany and Sweden up there with the one in India. The fourth-ranking Tata supercomputer, named EKA after the Sanskrit term for one, is a Hewlett-Packard Cluster Platform 3000 BL460c system. CRL has integrated this system with its own innovative routing technology and to achieve a 117.9 Teraflop or trillions of calculations per second. The No. 1 position was again claimed by the BlueGene/L System, a joint development of IBM and the US Department of Energy's (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) and installed at DOE's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.

Although BlueGene/L has occupied the No. 1 position since November 2004, the current system is much faster at 478.2 TFop/s compared to 280.6 TFlop/s six months ago before its upgrade. At No 2 is a BlueGene/P system installed in Germany at the Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ) and it achieved performance of 167.3 TFlop/s. The No. 3 system at the New Mexico Computing Applications Center (NMCAC) in Rio Rancho, N.M posted a speed of 126.9 TFlop/s. Ashwin Nanda, who heads the CRL, told the conference that its supercomputer had been builtwith HP servers using Intel chips with a total of 14,240 processor cores. The system went operational last month and achieved a performance of 117.9 teraflops. The system is slated for use in government scientific research and product development for Tata, as well as to provide services to US customers, Nanda said. In a statement in India, the Tata Group said "EKA marks a milestone in the Tata group's effort to build an indigenous high performance computing solution." CRL, it disclosed, built the supercomputer facility using dense data centre layout and novel network routing and parallel processing library technologies developed by its scientists. While the US is clearly the leading consumer of high power computing systems with 284 of the 500 systems, Europe follows with 149 systems and Asia has 58 systems. In Asia, Japan leads with 20 systems, Taiwan has 11, China 10 and India 9. The second ranked supercomputer inIndia, rated 58th in the Top500 list is at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. Others are ranked 152, 158, 179, 336, 339,340 and 371. Horst Simon, associate laboratory director, computing sciences, at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, and one of the Top500 list authors, told Computerworld that it was exciting to see India's entrance into the Top 10 and because the country has "huge potential" as a supercomputing nation.

"India is very well known for having great software engineers and great mathematicians, and having a (HPC) center there is a catalyst for doing more in the high performance computing field," Simon told the industry publication, adding that it brings "a whole new set of players into the supercomputing world." India has made steady progress in the field of supercomputing from thetime it first bought two from the US pioneer Cray Research in 1988, at a time of a tough technology control regime. US strictures on the scope of its use and demand for intrusive monitoring and compliance led India to devise its own supercomputers using clusters of multiprocessors.

Supercomputers are typically used for highly calculation problem solving in quantum

mechanical physics, molecular modeling, weather forecasting and climate research, and physical simulation including that of nuclear tests. The term supercomputer is quite relative. It was firstused in 1929 to refer to large custom-built tabulators IBM made for Columbia University. Thesupercomputers of the 1970s are today's desktops.

Post some comments on it.

courtesy: Times of India

Hyde Act ----by ashesh deep

2007-11-14T00:35:00.000+05:30

1) Full co-operation in civilian nuclear energy has been denied to India:

a) U.S. unwillingness to co-operate in the areas of spent-fuel reprocessing and uranium enrichment related to the full nuclear fuel cycle.
b) Denial of the nuclear fuel supply assurances and alternate supply arrangements mutually agreed upon earlier.
c) Limits co-operation in the GNEP programme. India will not be permitted to join as a technology developer but as a recipient state.

2) India asked to participate in the international effort on nuclear non-proliferation, with a policy congruent to that of United States.
The Hyde Act envisages (Section-109) India to jointly participate with the U.S. in a programme involving the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration to further nuclear non-proliferation goals. This goes much beyond the IAEA norms and has been unilaterally introduced apparently without the knowledge of the Indian government. In addition, the U.S. President is required to annually report to the congress whether India is fully and actively participating in U.S. and international efforts to dissuade, isolate and if necessary sanction and contain Iran for its pursuit of indigenous efforts to develop nuclear capabilities. These stipulations in the Act and others pertaining to the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), the Wassenaar Arrangement, and the Australia Group etc. are totally outside the scope of the July 18th Agreement and they constitute intrusion into India's independent decision making and policy matters. India's adherence to MTCR is also unnecessarily brought in.

3) Impact on our Strategic Defence Programme

In responding to the concerns earlier expressed by us, the Prime Minister stated in the Rajya Sabha on August 17, 2006 that "we are fully conscious of the changing complexity of the international political system. Nuclear weapons are an integral part of our national security and will remain so, pending the elimination of all nuclear weapons and universal non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament. Our freedom of action with regard to our strategic programmes remains unrestricted. The nuclear agreement will not be allowed to be used as a backdoor method of introducing NPT type restrictions on India." And yet, this Act totally negates the above assurance of the PM.
In view of the uncertain strategic situation around the globe, we are of the view that India must not directly or indirectly concede our right to conduct future nuclear weapon tests, if these are found necessary to strengthen our minimum deterrence. In this regard, the Act makes it explicit that if India conducts such tests, the nuclear cooperation will be terminated and we will be required to return all equipment and materials we might have received under this deal. To avoid any abrupt stoppage of nuclear fuel for reactors which we may import, India and the U.S. had mutually agreed to certain alternative fuel supply options which this Act has totally eliminated out of consideration. Thus, any future nuclear test will automatically result in a heavy economic loss to the country because of the inability to continue the operation of all such imported reactors.
Furthermore, the PM had assured the nation that "India is willing to join any non-discriminatory, multilaterally negotiated and internationally verifiable Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT), as and when it is concluded in the Conference on Disarmament." But, the Act requires the U.S. to "encourage India to identify and declare a date by which India would be willing to stop production of fissile material for nuclear weapons unilaterally or pursuant to a multilateral moratorium or treaty."
In his Rajya Sabha address, the PM had said, "Our commitment towards non-discriminatory global nuclear disarmament remains unwavering, in line with the Rajiv Gandhi Action Plan. There is no dilution on this count." Unfortunately, the Act is totally silent on the U.S. working with India to move towards universal nuclear disarmament, but it eloquently covers all aspects of non-proliferation controls of U.S. priority, into which they want to draw India into committing.
In summary, it is obvious that the Hyde Act still retains many of the objectionable clauses in the earlier House and Senate bills on which the Prime Minister had clearly put forth his objections and clarified the Indian position in both Houses of Parliament. Once this Act is signed into law, all further bilateral agreements with the U.S. will be required to be consistent with this law.
As such, the Government of India may convey these views formally to the U.S. Administration and they should be reflected in the 123 Agreement.

"INDO-US Nuclear Deal and 123 Agreement" ---an exclusive explanatory article

2007-11-07T14:30:00.000+05:30

Hi!

We all have heard a lot about "Indo-US nuclear deal Controversy or 123 agreement"

. I want to throw some lights on this topic as well so that in short everyone can understand what this nuclear-deal all about? In brief, i will describe about the aspects of so-called deal and the controvesies following it up.

So, as usual follow me up..........

The Indo-US nuclear deal is being rerarded as the biggest breakthrough in years.

The 123 agreement that will make the deal operational, was finally made public earlier on Aug.03, 2007. This, after months of tough negotiations between Indian and American diplomats that took place, even as the deal battled its way through Parliament in Delhi and the US Congress.

Many have consistently raised concerns that this make-or-break deal might be bad for India but here is a look at more of the fine prints of the deal that has a life span of 40 years.

About:

The 123 agreement is a civil nuclear deal, therefore, it will have no bearing on India's strategic and military programme and India can make a bomb. It is completely out of the ambit of the deal.In the text of the deal there is a clause that says that the agreement will in no way be a hindrance to India's strategic programme.

Therefore, India can continue to make a bomb with its own fuel.What is clear from the draft of the 123 agreement is that there is no legal binding commitment on India to never test again. India, if it wants to, can choose to conduct a nuclear test.If India does conduct a nuclear test, it will not be violating any international treaty or agreement because there is no mention of testing or detonation in this bilateral agreement.

Essentially, what the controversy has been over is whether if India conducts a test the Americans under their own laws would have the right to take back all the fuel that they give us.

Controversies & "Right of Return" :

The deal interestingly says that the right of return that the Americans have does not automatically comes into effect. It is something the US administration chooses to do. They would have to stop cooperation with India.But whether or not they take back fuel is something they would have to choose to do.

Even after the US chooses to do that, there are about seven to eight barriers before the right of return actually comers into play.What the agreement says that that it will take into account the circumstances in which India conducts a nuclear test.These include a ''changed security environment'' or action, which could impact national security.

Essentially, what it boils down to is that the right of return may not be invoked if Pakistan or China conduct nuclear tests and India responds to that by conducting a test of its own.In a way, this is the first international agreement, which would justify the circumstances in which a nuclear test is conducted.

So India is not giving up its right to test and right of return of nuclear fuel does not automatically comes into play.Apart from this there are certain assurances given by US President George W Bush to the Indian side.

Those have been verbatim repeated in the text of the agreement. These assurances are that the US would ensure that there is a lifetime supply of fuel for India's nuclear reactors and that they help India build its strategic fuel reserve.

If the US is unable to fulfill this commitment, it will convene a group of countries like Russia, France and the UK to ensure supply.Even if, for some reason, they were to take back nuclear fuel, India retains the right to seek alternate sources of fuel for itself. India will have to build strategic reserve so that it does not go out nuclear fuel.

Any kind of feedback will be heartly welcomed.

Visvesvaraya Technological University

2007-11-03T23:05:00.000+05:30

Visvesvaraya Technological University, also spelt Visveswaraiah Technological University, (VTU), is a University in Karnataka, India.
At present, 141 engineering colleges all over Karnataka are affiliated to VTU. The intake every year for engineering under this university inclusive of post-graduate courses is around 38,000. The university has 25 branches of Bachelor of Engineering and 54 branches of Masters in Technology courses. B. E. (Bio-Technology) was an under-graduate branch introduced in 2002-03 in 21 colleges. In addition, the university offers MBA and MCA courses. The university also offers M. Sc. (Engg.) through Research and Ph.D. programmes. Currently, the University has 249 registered candidates for M.Sc. (Engg.) by Research and Ph.D. in 80 Research Centres in 24 affiliated colleges.
The University has achieved the tremendous task of bringing various colleges affiliated earlier to different Universities, with different syllabi, different procedures and different traditions under one umbrella.
The university is also known for its record number of placement activities.Every year thousands of students are recuited by various companies through campus placement programs.
The first batch consisting of approximately 13,000 students of under-graduate (engineering and technology fields) students admitted in the academic year 1998-99 graduated from the portals of this University during the month of July 2002. Four batches of M. Tech., 3 batches of MBA and 2 batches of MCA students have so far graduated from the university. The total number of post-graduates who have completed their studies in this university is around 5000.

STOCK MARKET

2007-10-28T05:48:00.000+05:30

A stock market is a market for the trading of company stock, and derivatives of same; both of these are securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.

The Definition

The term 'the stock market' is a concept for the mechanism that enables the trading of company stocks (collective shares), other securities, and derivatives. Bonds are still traditionally traded in an informal, over-the-counter market known as the bond market. Commodities are traded in commodities markets, and derivatives are traded in a variety of markets (but, like bonds, mostly 'over-the-counter').
The size of the worldwide 'bond market' is estimated at $45 trillion. The size of the 'stock market' is estimated at about $51 trillion. The world derivatives market has been estimated at about $480 trillion 'face' or nominal value, 30 times the size of the U.S. economy…and 12 times the size of the entire world economy.[1] The major U.S. Banks alone are said to account for well over $200 trillion. It must be noted though that the value of the derivatives market, because it is stated in terms of notional values, cannot be directly compared to a stock or a fixed income security, which traditionally refers to an actual value. (Many such relatively illiquid securities are valued as marked to model, rather than an actual market price.)
The stocks are listed and traded on stock exchanges which are entities (a corporation or mutual organization) specialized in the business of bringing buyers and sellers of stocks and securities together. The stock market in the United States includes the trading of all securities listed on the NYSE, the NASDAQ, the Amex, as well as on the many regional exchanges, the OTCBB, and Pink Sheets. European examples of stock exchanges include the Paris Bourse (now part of Euronext), the London Stock Exchange and the Deutsche Börse.

Trading

Participants in the stock market range from small individual stock investors to large hedge fund traders, who can be based anywhere. Their orders usually end up with a professional at a stock exchange, who executes the order.
Some exchanges are physical locations where transactions are carried out on a trading floor, by a method known as open outcry. This type of auction is used in stock exchanges and commodity exchanges where traders may enter "verbal" bids and offers simultaneously. The other type of exchange is a virtual kind, composed of a network of computers where trades are made electronically via traders at computer terminals.
Actual trades are based on an auction market paradigm where a potential buyer bids a specific price for a stock and a potential seller asks a specific price for the stock. (Buying or selling at market means you will accept any bid price or ask price for the stock.) When the bid and ask prices match, a sale takes place on a first come first served basis if there are multiple bidders or askers at a given price.
The purpose of a stock exchange is to facilitate the exchange of securities between buyers and sellers, thus providing a marketplace (virtual or real). The exchanges provide real-time trading information on the listed securities, facilitating price discovery.
The New York Stock Exchange is a physical exchange. This is also referred to as a "listed" exchange (because only stocks listed with the exchange may be traded). Orders enter by way of brokerage firms that are members of the exchange and flow down to floor brokers who go to a specific spot on the floor where the stock trades. At this location, known as the trading post, there is a specific person known as the specialist whose job is to match buy orders and sell orders. Prices are determined using an auction method known as "open outcry": the current bid price is the highest amount any buyer is willing to pay and the current ask price is the lowest price at which someone is willing to sell; if there is a spread, no trade takes place. For a trade to take place, there must be a matching bid and ask price. (If a spread exists, the specialist is supposed to use his own resources of money or stock to close the difference, after some time.) Once a trade has been made, the details are reported on the "tape" and sent back to the brokerage firm, who then notifies the investor who placed the order. Although there is a significant amount of direct human contact in this process, computers do play a huge role in the process, especially for so-called "program trading".
The Nasdaq is a virtual (listed) exchange, where all of the trading is done over a computer network. The process is similar to the above, in that the seller provides an asking price and the buyer provides a bidding price. However, buyers and sellers are electronically matched. One or more Nasdaq market makers will always provide a bid and ask price at which they will always purchase or sell 'their' stock.[2].
The Paris Bourse, now part of Euronext is an order-driven, electronic stock exchange. It was automated in the late 1980s. Before, it consisted of an open outcry exchange. Stockbrokers met in the trading floor or the Palais Brongniart. In 1986, the CATS trading system was introduced, and the order matching process was fully automated.
From time to time, active trading (especially in large blocks of securities) have moved away from the 'active' exchanges. Securities firms, led by UBS AG, Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Credit Suisse Group, already steer 12 percent of U.S. security trades away from the exchanges to their internal systems. That share probably will increase to 18 percent by 2010 as more investment banks bypass the NYSE and Nasdaq and pair buyers and sellers of securities themselves, according to data compiled by Boston-based Aite Group LLC, a brokerage-industry consultant.
Now that computers have eliminated the need for trading floors like the Big Board's, the balance of power in equity markets is shifting. By bringing more orders in-house, where clients can move big blocks of stock anonymously, brokers pay the exchanges less in fees and capture a bigger share of the $11 billion a year that institutional investors pay in trading commissions.

Market Participants

Many years ago, worldwide, buyers and sellers were individual investors, such as wealthy businessmen, with long family histories (and emotional ties) to particular corporations. Over time, markets have become more "institutionalized"; buyers and sellers are largely institutions (e.g., pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds, hedge funds, investor groups, and banks). The rise of the institutional investor has brought with it some improvements in market operations. Thus, the government was responsible for "fixed" (and exorbitant) fees being markedly reduced for the 'small' investor, but only after the large institutions had managed to break the brokers' solid front on fees (they then went to 'negotiated' fees, but only for large institutions).
However, corporate governance (at least in the West) has been very much adversely affected by the rise of (largely 'absentee') institutional 'own'.

History

Historian Fernand Braudel suggests that in Cairo in the 11th century Muslim and Jewish merchants had already set up every form of trade association and had knowledge of every method of credit and payment, disproving the belief that these were invented later by Italians. In 12th century France the courratiers de change were concerned with managing and regulating the debts of agricultural communities on behalf of the banks. Because these men also traded with debts, they could be called the first brokers. In late 13th century Bruges commodity traders gathered inside the house of a man called Van der Beurse, and in 1309 they became the "Brugse Beurse", institutionalizing what had been, until then, an informal meeting. The idea quickly spread around Flanders and neighboring counties and "Beurzen" soon opened in Ghent and Amsterdam.
In the middle of the 13th century Venetian bankers began to trade in government securities. In 1351 the Venetian government outlawed spreading rumors intended to lower the price of government funds. Bankers in Pisa, Verona, Genoa and Florence also began trading in government securities during the 14th century. This was only possible because these were independent city states not ruled by a duke but a council of influential citizens. The Dutch later started joint stock companies, which let shareholders invest in business ventures and get a share of their profits - or losses. In 1602, the Dutch East India Company issued the first shares on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. It was the first company to issue stocks and bonds.
The Amsterdam Stock Exchange (or Amsterdam Beurs) is also said to have been the first stock exchange to introduce continuous trade in the early 17th century. The Dutch "pioneered short selling, option trading, debt-equity swaps, merchant banking, unit trusts and other speculative instruments, much as we know them" (Murray Sayle, "Japan Goes Dutch", London Review of Books XXIII.7, April 5, 2001). There are now stock markets in virtually every developed and most developing economies, with the world's biggest markets being in the United States, Canada, China (Hongkong), India, UK, Germany, France and Japan.

Investment Strategies

One of the many things people always want to know about the stock market is, "How do I make money investing?" There are many different approaches; two basic methods are classified as either fundamental analysis or technical analysis. Fundamental analysis refers to analyzing companies by their financial statements found in SEC Filings, business trends, general economic conditions, etc. Technical analysis studies price actions in markets through the use of charts and quantitative techniques to attempt to forecast price trends regardless of the company's financial prospects. One example of a technical strategy is the Trend following method, used by John W. Henry and Ed Seykota, which uses price patterns, utilizes strict money management and is also rooted in risk control and diversification.
Additionally, many choose to invest via the index method. In this method, one holds a weighted or unweighted portfolio consisting of the entire stock market or some segment of the stock market (such as the S&P 500 or Wilshire 5000). The principal aim of this strategy is to maximize diversification, minimize taxes from too frequent trading, and ride the general trend of the stock market (which, in the U.S., has averaged nearly 10%/year, compounded annually, since World War II).
Finally, one may trade based on inside information, which is known as insider trading.

The behavior of the stock market

From experience we know that investors may temporarily pull financial prices away from their long term trend level. Over-reactions may occur— so that excessive optimism (euphoria) may drive prices unduly high or excessive pessimism may drive prices unduly low. New theoretical and empirical arguments have been put forward against the notion that financial markets are efficient.
According to the efficient market hypothesis (EMH), only changes in fundamental factors, such as profits or dividends, ought to affect share prices. (But this largely theoretic academic viewpoint also predicts that little or no trading should take place— contrary to fact— since prices are already at or near equilibrium, having priced in all public knowledge.) But the efficient-market hypothesis is sorely tested by such events as the stock market crash in 1987, when the Dow Jones index plummeted 22.6 percent — the largest-ever one-day fall in the United States. This event demonstrated that share prices can fall dramatically even though, to this day, it is impossible to fix a definite cause: a thorough search failed to detect any specific or unexpected development that might account for the crash. It also seems to be the case more generally that many price movements are not occasioned by new information; a study of the fifty largest one-day share price movements in the United States in the post-war period confirms this.[2] Moreover, while the EMH predicts that all price movement (in the absence of change in fundamental information) is random (i.e., non-trending), many studies have shown a marked tendency for the stock market to trend over time periods of weeks or longer.
Various explanations for large price movements have been promulgated. For instance, some research has shown that changes in estimated risk, and the use of certain strategies, such as stop-loss limits and Value at Risk limits, theoretically could cause financial markets to overreact.
Other research has shown that psychological factors may result in exaggerated stock price movements. Psychological research has demonstrated that people are predisposed to 'seeing' patterns, and often will perceive a pattern in what is, in fact, just noise. (Something like seeing familiar shapes in clouds or ink blots.) In the present context this means that a succession of good news items about a company may lead investors to overreact positively (unjustifiably driving the price up). A period of good returns also boosts the investor's self-confidence, reducing his (psychological) risk threshold.[3]
Another phenomenon— also from psychology— that works against an objective assessment is group thinking. As social animals, it is not easy to stick to an opinion that differs markedly from that of a majority of the group. An example with which one may be familiar is the reluctance to enter a restaurant that is empty; people generally prefer to have their opinion validated by those of others in the group.
In one paper the authors draw an analogy with gambling.[4] In normal times the market behaves like a game of roulette; the probabilities are known and largely independent of the investment decisions of the different players. In times of market stress, however, the game becomes more like poker (herding behavior takes over). The players now must give heavy weight to the psychology of other investors and how they are likely to react psychologically.
The stock market, as any other business, is quite unforgiving of amateurs. Inexperienced investors rarely get the assistance and support they need. In the period running up to the recent Nasdaq crash, less than 1 per cent of the analyst's recommendations had been to sell (and even during the 2000 - 2002 crash, the average did not rise above 5%). The media amplified the general euphoria, with reports of rapidly rising share prices and the notion that large sums of money could be quickly earned in the so-called new economy stock market. (And later amplified the gloom which descended during the 2000 - 2002 crash, so that by summer of 2002, predictions of a DOW average below 5000 were quite common.)

Courtesy: wikipedia

Artificial intelligence

2007-06-23T06:27:00.000+05:30

The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was first used by John McCarthy who used it to mean "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".[1] It can also refer to intelligence as exhibited by an artificial (man-made, non-natural, manufactured) entity. While AI is the generally accepted term, others, including both Computational Intelligence and Synthetic Intelligence, have been proposed as potentially being "more accurate."[2] The terms strong and weak AI can be used to narrow the definition for classifying such systems. AI is studied in overlapping fields of computer science, psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, and engineering, dealing with intelligent behavior, learning, and adaptation and usually developed using customized machines or computers.

Research in AI is concerned with producing machines to automate tasks requiring intelligent behavior. Examples include control, planning and scheduling, the ability to answer diagnostic and consumer questions, handwriting, natural language, speech, and facial recognition. As such, the study of AI has also become an engineering discipline, focused on providing solutions to real life problems, knowledge mining, software applications, strategy games like computer chess and other video games. One of the biggest difficulties with AI is that of comprehension. Many devices have been created that can do amazing things, but critics of AI claim that no actual comprehension by the AI machine has taken place.

Mechanisms

Generally speaking AI systems are built around automated inference engines. Based on certain conditions ("if") the system infers certain consequences ("then"). AI applications are generally divided into two types, in terms of consequences: classifiers ("if shiny then diamond") and controllers ("if shiny then pick up"). Controllers do however also classify conditions before inferring actions and therefore classification form a central part of most AI systems.

Classifiers make use of pattern recognition for condition matching. In many cases this does not imply absolute, but rather the closest match. Techniques to achieve this divides roughly into two schools of thought: Conventional AI and Computational intelligence (CI).

Conventional AI research focuses on attempts to mimic human intelligence through symbol manipulation and symbolically structured knowledge bases. This approach limits the situations to which conventional AI can be applied. Lotfi Zadeh stated that "we are also in possession of computational tools which are far more effective in the conception and design of intelligent systems that the predicate-logic-based methods, which form the core of traditional AI", techniques which have become known as soft computing. These often biologically inspired methods, stand in contrast to conventional AI and compensate for the shortcomings of symbolicism.[3] These two methodologies has also been labelled as neats vs. scruffies, with neats emphasizing the use of logic and formal representation of knowledge while scruffies take an application-oriented heuristic bottom-up approach

fUnNy FaCtssss .......

2007-06-23T01:15:00.001+05:30

* John Madden is an accomplished ballroom dancer. In 21 states, Wal-Mart is the single largest employer.

* Jim Gordon, drummer of Derek and the Dominos ("Layla"), killed his mother with a claw hammer, then went back to finish a set with the band.

*One of Hewlett Packard's first ideas was an automatic urinal flusher.

*Eric Clapton did not play the very famous first riff on the song "Layla". That was Duane Allman.

*Clapton comes in later. As you age, your eye color gets lighter.

*There are more cars in Southern California than there are cows in India.

*The two-foot long bird called a Kea that lives in New Zealand likes to eat the strips of rubber around car windows.

*The province of Alberta, Canada is completely free of rats. Illinois has the most personalized license plates of any state.

*If a statue in the park of a person on a horse has both front legs in the air, the person died in battle; if the horse has one front leg in the air, the person died as a result of wounds received in battle; if the horse has all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural causes.

*There are two credit cards for every person in the United States.

*The international telephone dialing code for Antarctica is 672.

*The average chocolate bar has 8 insect legs in it.

*There are 206 bones in the adult human body, but 300 in children (some of the bones fuse together as a child grows).

*Fleas can jump 130 times higher than their own height.

*In human terms this is equal to a 6 foot person jumping 780 feet into the air.

*Snakes are true carnivores as they eat nothing but other animals. They do not eat any type of plant material.

*There are no venomous snakes in Maine.

*The blue whale can produce sounds up to 188 decibels. This is the loudest sound produced by a living animal and has been detected as far away as 530 miles.

*The human eye blinks an average of 4,200,000 times a year.

*It takes approximately 12 hours for food to entirely digest.

*Erosion at the base of Niagara Falls (USA) undermines the shale cliffs and as a result, the falls have receded approximately 7 miles over the last 10,000 years.

*The longest living cells in the body are brain cells which can live an entire lifetime.

*The Main Library at Indiana University sinks over an inch every year because when it was built engineers failed to take into account the weight of all the books that would occupy the building.

* North Dakota has never had an earthquake.

*Alexander Graham Bell (who invented the telephone) also set a world water-speed record of over seventy miles an hour at the age of 72.

*There is enough fuel in a full tank of a jumbo jet to drive an average car four times around the world.

* Hawaii is moving toward Japan 4 inches every year.

*Chimps are the only animals that can recognize themselves in a mirror.

*The leg bones of a bat are so thin that no bat can walk.

*There are more living organisms on the skin of a single human being than there are human beings on the surface of the earth.

*Marilyn Monroe had six toes on one foot.

*If you keep a goldfish in the dark room, it will eventually turn white.

*Women blink nearly twice as much as men.

*In England, the Speaker of the House is not allowed to speak.

*Almonds are members of the peach family.

*Maine is the only state whose name is just one syllable.

*Americans on the average eat 18 acres of pizza every day.

*One person in two billion will live to be 116 or older.

*If you yelled for 8 years, 7 months and 6 days, you would have produced enough sound energy to heat one cup of coffee.

*February 1865 is the only month in recorded history not to have a full moon.

*More people are killed by donkeys annually than are killed in plane crashes.

*Lorne Greene had one of his nipples bitten off by an alligator while he was host of "Lorne Greene's Animal Kingdom".

*The dot that appears over the letter "i" is called a tittle.

*All major league baseball umpires must wear black underwear while on the job (in case their pants split).

*The Spanish word esposa means "wife." The plural, esposas, means "wives," but also "handcuffs."

*If all Americans used one third less ice in their drinks the United States would become a net exporter instead of an importer of energy.

*If the Nile River were stretched across the United States, it would run nearly from New York to Los Angeles.

*San Francisco cable cars are the only National Monuments that move. The Hoover Dam was built to last 2,000 years.

*Its concrete will not be fully cured for another 500 years.

*Abraham Lincoln's dog, Fido, was assassinated too.

*All of David Letterman's suits are custom made - there are no creases in his suit trousers.

*Cranberry Jell-O is the only flavor that contains real fruit flavoring.

*Fewer than half of the 16,200 major league baseball players have ever hit a home run.

*In comic strips, the person on the left always speaks first.

*Richard Versalle, a tenor performing at New York's Metropolitan Opera House, suffered a heart attack and fell 10 feet from a ladder to the stage just after singing the line "You can only live so long."

* If the entire population of earth was reduced to exactly 100 people, 51% would be female, 49% male; 50% of the world's currency would be held by 6 people, one person would be nearly dead, one nearly born.

* In 1920, Babe Ruth out-homered every American League team.

*Topless saleswomen are legal in Liverpool, England, but only in tropical fish stores.

*Toxic house plants poison more children than household chemicals.

*The original name of Bank of America was Bank of Italy.

*The ant, when intoxicated, will always fall over to its right side.

*The California Department of Motor Vehicles has issued six driver's licenses to six different people named Jesus Christ.

*Michael Jordan makes more money from Nike each year than all the Nike factory workers in Malaysia combined.

*People in China and Japan die disproportionately on the 4th of each month because the words death and four sound alike, and they are represented by the same symbol.

*Chicago is closer to Moscow than it is to Rio de Janeiro.

* Dogs have two sets of teeth, just like humans. They first have 30 "puppy" teeth, then 42 adult teeth.

*In 1950, President Harry Truman threw out the first ball twice at the opening day Washington DC baseball game; once right handed and once left handed.

*A Swiss ski resort announced it would combat global warming by wrapping its mountain glaciers in aluminum foil to keep them from melting.

*The chameleon has a tongue that is one and a half times the length of his body.

*Beethoven dipped his head in cold water before he composed.

*There once was a town named "6" in West Virginia.

*Ten years ago, only 500 people in China could ski. This year, an estimated 5,000,000 Chinese will visit ski resorts.

*In 1920, Babe Ruth broke the single season home run record, with 29. The same year, he became the first major leaguer to hit 30 home runs. The same year, he became the first major leaguer to hit 40 home runs. The same year, he became the first major leaguer to hit 50 home runs.

*A Nigerian woman was caught entering the UK with 104 kg of snails in her baggage.

*Profanity is typically cut from in-flight movies to make them suitable for general audiences.

*Fox Searchlight Pictures has substituted "Ashcroft" for "A**hole" in the movie Sideways when dubbed for Aerolineas Argentinas flights.

*Author Hunter S. Thompson, who committed suicide recently, wanted to be cremated and his ashes to be shot out of a cannon on his ranch.

*Sports Illustrated magazine allows subscribers to opt out of receiving the famous swimsuit issue each year.

*Fewer than 1% choose this option. There is a company that will (for $14,000) take your ashes, compress them into a synthetic diamond to be set in jewelry for a loved one.

* The RIAA sued an 83 year old woman for downloading music illegally, even though a copy of her death certificate was sent to the RIAA a week before it filed the suit.

*Two 1903 paintings recently sold at auction for $590,000 - the paintings were in the famous "Dogs Playing Poker" series.

*Russian scientists have developed a new drug that prolongs drunkenness and enhances intoxication.

The No Monster, The Please Police, and The big Tuckle

2007-06-23T00:07:00.000+05:30

The No Monster

Once upon a time, there was a little boy who always said, "No!" His mother asked him to go brush his teeth and he said, "No!" His father asked him to clean up his room and he said, "No!"

His sister-"
"That's me!" said Elizabeth.
"Yes," said the Father, "that's you. Now back to the story. "
His sister asked him to help her play Barbies and he said, "No!" The little boy even said "No!" to questions that weren't yes or no questions.
His friends at school asked him what he had in his lunch bag and he said, "No!" The teacher asked him what time it was and he said, "No!"

This little boy was the No Monster. No matter what you said or asked, he would respond, "NO!"
He lived in No Man's Land. With Nobody. He knew Nothing. But he Nos Everything.
"Get it?" asked the Father.

Elizabeth nodded. "N-O, as in says 'No!' to everything and K-N-O-W as in 'understands' everything. Know and No are homonyms."

"Hornmy-nims," repeated Joey, wanting to get back to the story.
'"Right," said the Father. "Very good."

Millions of miles away, up in the tallest tree in the biggest forest lives the queen of the fairies. It is her job to rid the world of No Monsters. But she was busy that day, so she told the youngest, newest fairy to go to the little boy's house and make him stop saying "No!" to everything.

"But I don't know how!" said the smallest fairy.
The fairy queen said gently, "You're a smart little fairy. You will figure it out soon enough. Now go."
So the smallest fairy flew all the way to the No Monster's house and did her best to try to get the No Monster to say "yes."

"I am a fairy," said the fairy.
"No! " said the No Monster.
"I'll play a game with you, if you like," said the fairy sweetly.
"No! " said the No Monster.
"I'll sing a song for you or do a dance for you," said the smallest fairy.
"No!" said the No Monster,
The fairy couldn't think of any way to get the No Monster to stop saying "No!" She almost gave up, but then she had an idea.

When the little boy was eating dinner, she started making a fairy cake. And if you have never eaten a slice of fairy cake, then you have never had the sweetest, fairiest dessert in the world. It's pure white on top and chocolate inside. Unless you don't like chocolate, then it isn't. In fact, every bite tastes different and is always exactly what you want to taste next. But most importantly, the fairy cake looks as good as it tastes.

All through dinner, the little boy watched the fairy make the fairy cake. He watched her drop candy sparkles all over the top, wrap candy ribbons all around the edges, and sprinkle fairy sugar over everything. His mouth watered when he thought how wonderful the amazing fairy cake might taste.

Then, when the little boy was done with dinner and had put his plate into the dishwasher, the fairy asked him, "Would you like a piece of my fairy cake?"
For a moment the boy said nothing and it looked like the No Monster would win, but then the boy smiled as sweetly as he had ever smiled before in his life and said in a very small voice, "Yes, please."

And that was the end of the No Monster.
The two children clapped.
"Did you like the story?" asked the Father.
"Yes, " said Elizabeth quickly.
Joey wrinkled his nose, smiled a devilish smile, and yelled loudly, 'No!"
They all laughed.
"Now tell us a story about a little girl," said Elizabeth.
"How do you ask for something?" chided the Father.
"Please!" said both the children quickly.
"Yes," said the Father. "And that is what this story is about. It's called The Please Police."
"Ha, ha!" chuckled Elizabeth and then looked at her brother. "Get it?" she asked. She explained slowly, "The pah-leeeaze pah-leeeece."
Joey nodded, wanting the story to start.

The Please Police

It was a Saturday morning. The little girl woke up early to watch cartoons. After a little while, her Mother came into the television room and asked her if she wanted pancakes for breakfast. The little girl simply nodded.

Soon, her Mother came back in the room and put down a steaming plate of pancakes, a bottle of syrup, a fork and a napkin.

"Drink," said the little girl.
"In a second," said her Mother, as she left the room. Maybe the Mother was sleepy that Saturday morning. Maybe the little girl was caught up in the cartoon. But either way, the little girl had done something wrong and her Mother did not correct her.
"She didn't say 'Please'," explained Joey.

"Uh oh!" said Elizabeth. "Now I know what's going to happen next!"
As soon as the Mother set down the glass of orange juice, the siren started. It was very soft at first. Weee-yeee-yeeee.

The little girl watched her cartoon carefully to see if the siren was coming from the television. It wasn't. The siren got a little louder. Weee-Yeeee-Yeee.

The little girl listened as the siren got closer and closer, louder and louder. Weeee-yeeee! WEE-eeee- YEE-eeee!
The little girl looked out the window to watch the police car or fire truck or ambulance go by. But even though the siren got closer and closer - WEeEe-YEeEe! WEeEe-FEeEe! - she didn't see anything coming up the street.

It sounded as though the siren were right on top of her and yet she still saw nothing in the street. WEEEE-YEEEEE! WEEEE-YEEEE!

She heard a squeal of tires and when she turned around she saw a tiny blue and white car, about the size of a small toy box, pull up right behind her.
A man, dressed in what looked like a police outfit, stepped out of the car. He was the size of a Barbie or a GI Joe.

"Please put your hands where I can see them!" he said in a squeaky voice.
The little girl looked at her hands, then, confused, showed her hands to the little man. Finally, she asked, "Who are you?"

"I'm a Please Officer. Part of the Please Patrol. Whenever a child forgets to say 'please,' it's our job to see that they are punished."
"Punished?" asked the little girl.
"I'm afraid so," said the Please Officer. "Please drop and give me ten."
"Ten push-ups?" asked the girl.
"No. Ten pleases. "

The little girl shrugged, sat on the carpet and, counting each one out on here fingers, said, "Please, please, please, please, please. Please, please, please, please, please."
"Now," said the Please Officer, "please tell me what you say when you want something?"
"Please," said the little girl.
"That's precisely right," said the Please Officer.

"But why?" asked the little girl.
"Why what?" asked the Please Officer.
"Why do I have to say 'Please' for something like orange juice. I don't even really like orange juice."

The Please Officer didn't even blink before answering. "It's not for you. It's for the person who gets you something. Because it was nice of your Mother to get you the orange juice. And if you want her to get you more things in the future, you should be as polite as possible."
The little girl hung her head. "I'm sorry," she said softly.

"Don't tell me," said the Please Officer. "I'm just doing my job." With that, the Please Officer jumped back into the tiny Please Car and sped away.
The little girl finished her pancakes and orange juice and took her plate and glass into the kitchen where her Mother was reading the paper.

"Mom," said the little girl.
"Yes dear?"

"Thanks for the pancakes and the orange juice. Can I pleeeeeeeaaaaasssse have some more?"
And to this day, the Please Police have never had to visit that little girl's house again.
"Yay!" yelled the two children together.

"Can we have another story?" asked Joey. And then he quickly added, "Please?"
"Sure," said the Father.
"About a little girl and a little boy this time, please?" asked Elizabeth.
"Sure," said their Father again. "This one is called the Big Tickle."

The Big Tickle

Once upon the time there was a little boy and a little girl. They were sitting on the couch listening to their Father read bedtime stories, when-"

"Oh, Nooo!" screamed Elizabeth as she jumped up off the couch. "I know how this story ends!" Elizabeth ran to her bed, jumped in and hid under the covers.

The Father looked over to Joey, who suddenly understood why his sister ran away and he, too, jumped off the couch, and ran out of the room yelling, "No tickling! No tickling!" Joey got in to his bed and hid under his covers.

The Father smiled to himself, yawned softly, stretched, and slowly got up off the couch. Then he kissed both of his children good night and wished them, "Sweet dreams."

*********** THE END ************

©1998 Stuart B Baum and Molly Baum, Illustrations by Molly Baum

Top books for boys

2007-06-12T05:05:00.000+05:30

The full list of the top books for boys. Are your recommendations included? Add your suggestions in the comment box below.

1. The Top 10 of Everything 2007 by Russell Ash, Hamlyn (2008 edition available in the autumn)

2. Strange Powers of the Human Mind (Forbidden Truths) by Herbie Brennan, Faber

3. A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson, Black Swan,

4. I Know You Got Soul by Jeremy Clarkson, Penguin

5. Guinness Book of Records 2007, Guinness (2008 edition available in the autumn)

6. 101 Things You Need To Know (And Some You Don’t) by Richard Horne, Bloomsbury

7. 101 Things To Do Before You’re Old and Boring by Richard Horne, Bloomsbury

8. Ripley’s Believe It or Not! by Robert LeRoy Ripley, Century

9. The Boys’ Book; How to be the Best at Everything by Guy McDonald, Buster Books

10. Chew on This: Everything You Don't Want to Know About Fast Food by Eric Schlosser,
Puffin

11. How to Spot a Hadrosaur in a Bus Queue by Andy Seed, Hodder

12. How to Avoid a Wombat’s Bum by Mitchell Symons, Doubleday

13. Why Don’t Penguins’ Feet Freeze? by Mick O'Hare, Profile Books

14. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, Macmillan

15. Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, Puffin

16. King Solomon’s Mines by H Rider Haggard, Penguin

17. Northern Lights (His Dark Materials) by Philip Pullman, Scholastic

18. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Bloomsbury

19. Kidnapped (adapted by) Alan Grant, Barrington Stoke

20. Treasure Island by R L Stevenson, Bloomsbury

21. The Hobbit by J RR Tolkien, HarperCollins

22. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Penguin

23. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain, Penguin

24. Like Father Like Son by Tony Bradman (ed), Kingfisher

25. Unreal! by Paul Jennings, Puffin

26. Flight by Kazu Kibuishi, Image Comics

27. One Beastly Beast by Garth Nix, HarperCollins

28. The Stinky Cheese Man by Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith, Puffin

29. It Was A Dark and Silly Night by Art Spiegelman, HarperCollins

30. Scientific Progress Goes Boink (Calvin and Hobbes) by Bill Watterson, Time Warner

31. Talking Turkeys by Bejamin Zephaniah, Puffin

32. Arthur and the Invisibles by Luc Besson, Faber

33. The Spellgrinder’s Apprentice by N M Browne, Bloomsbury

34. The Forgotten Spell (Spellcaster Gamebooks) by Louisa Dent, Wizard Books

35. Castle of Wizardry (The Belgariad) by David Eddings, Corgi

36. Dragon Rider by Cornelia Funke, Chicken House

37. Mirrormask by Neil Gaiman and Dave McKean, Bloomsbury

38. Samurai (Saint of Dragons) by Jason Hightman, HarperCollins

39. Blade of Fire (The Icemark Chronicles) by Stuart Hill, Chicken House

40. Eldest by Christopher Paolini, Corgi

41. Clash of the Sky Galleons (The Edge Chronicles) by Paul Stewart and Chris Riddell,
Doubleday

42. Bloodsong by Melvin Burgess, Puffin

43. The Supernaturalist by Eoin Colfer, Puffi

44. Small-Minded Giants by Oisin McGann, Corgi

45. Takedown by Graham Marks, Catnip

46. Jango (Noble Warriors) by William Nicholson, Egmont

47. Saving the World and Other Extreme Sports (Maximum Ride) by James Patterson, Headline

48. A Darkling Plain (Mortal Engines Quartet) by Philip Reeve, Scholastic

49. Storm Thief by Chris Wooding, Scholastic

50. Darkside by Tom Becker, Scholastic

51. The Spook’s Secret (Wardstone Chronicles) by Joseph Delaney, Bodley Head

52. The Black Tattoo by Sam Enthoven, Doubleday

53. Coraline by Neil Gaiman, Bloomsbury

54. Setting of a Cruel Sun (The Lost Souls Stories) by Alan Gibbons, Orion

55. Nightrise (Power of Five) by Anthony Horowitz, Walker

56. Skulduggery Pleasant by Derek Landy, HarperCollins

57. Breathe by Cliff McNish, Orion

58. Devil for Sale by E E Richardson, Barrington Stoke

59. The Intruders by E E Richardson, Corgi

60. Blood Beast (Demonata) by Darren Shan, HarperCollins

61. Crazy Creatures (Reality Check) by Gillian Arbuthnott, Barrington Stoke

62. The Fighting Pit (Bear Kingdom) by Michael Coleman, Orchard

63. Flanimals of the Deep by Ricky Gervais

64. High Rhulain (Redwall) by Brian Jacques, Puffin

65. The Dark Portal (Deptford Mice) by Robin Jarvis, Hodder

66. Mouse Noses on Toast by Darren King, Faber

67. Soul Eater (Chronicles of Ancient Darkness) by Michelle Paver, Orion

68. Fall 1152 (Mouse Guard) by David Petersen, Archaia (Publication due in June)

69. Nathan Fox by L Brittney, Macmillan

70. Mines of the Minotaur (Companion’s Quartet) by Julia Golding, Oxford

71. The Ship Between the Worlds by Julia Golding, Oxford

72. The Black Book of Secrets by F E Higgins, Macmillan

73. Here There be Dragons (Chronicles of the Imaginarium Geographica) by James A Owen,
Simon & Schuster

74. Here Lies Arthur by Philip Reeve, Scholastic

75. Larklight by Philip Reeve, Bloomsbury

76. Percy Jackson and the Sea of Monsters by Rick Riordan, Puffin

77. Physik (Septimus Heap) by Angie Sage, Bloomsbury

78. My Swordhand is Singing by Marcus Sedgwick, Orion

79. Endymion Spring by Matthew Skelton, Puffin

80. Ptolemy’s Gate (Bartimaeus Trilogy) by Jonathan Stroud, Corgi

81. Bloodline by Kevin Brooks, Barrington Stoke

82. Johnny Delgado Like Father Like Son by Kevin Brooks, Barrington Stoke

83. Artemis Fowl and the Lost Colony by Eoin Colfer, Puffin

84. Half Moon Investigations by Eoin Colfer, Puffin

85. Framed by Frank Cottrell Boyce, Macmillan

86. Grk and the Hot Dog Trail by Joshua Doder, Andersen Press

87. Final Lap (Traces) by Malcolm Rose, Kingfisher

88. The Crime Lord (F.E.A.R. Adventures) by Jak Shadow, Wizard Books

89. Tins by Alex Shearer, Macmillan

90. Great Britain (Jack Stalwart) by Elizabeth Singer Hunt, Red Fox

91. The Curse of the Nightwolf (Barnaby Grimes) by Paul Stewart and Chris Riddell, Doubleday

92. Montmorency’s Revenge by Eleanor Updale, Scholastic

93. The Obsidian Dagger (Horatio Lyle) by Catherine Webb, Atom

92. The Boy who was Wanted Dead or Alive – or both (Blart) by Dominic Barker, Bloomsbury

93. Sebastian Darke: Prince of Fools by Philip Cavney, Bodley Head

94. The Moomy’s Curse (Cows in Action) by Steve Cole, Red Fox

95. Toonhead by Fiona Dunbar, Orchard

96. The Day I Swapped My Dad for Two Goldfish by Neil Gaiman and Dave McKean, Bloomsbury

97. So You Think You Know the Simpsons? by Clive Gifford, Hodder

98. It’s True You Can Make Your Own Jokes by Sharon Holt, Allen & Unwin

99. Ryan’s Brain (Jiggy McCue) by Michael Lawrence, Orchard

100. Measle and the Slitherghoul (Measle Stubbs Adventures) by Ian Ogilvy, OUP

101. Captain Underpants and the Preposterous Plight of the Purple Potty People by Dav Pilkey,
Scholastic

102. Urgum the Axe Man by Kjartan Poskitt, Scholastic

103. A Hat Full of Sky by Terry Pratchett, Doubleday

104. Zip’s Apollo by Philip Ridley, Puffin

105. The Great Cow Race (Bone) by Jeff Smith, Cartoon Books

106. Boy and Going Solo by Roald Dahl, Puffin

107. Once by Morris Gleitzman, Puffin

108. Crusade by Elizabeth Laird, Macmillan (Publication due in June)

109. Secrets of the Fearless by Elizabeth Laird, Macmillan

110. The Highwayman’s Footsteps by Nicola Morgan, Walker

111. Billy the Kid by Michael Morpurgo, Collins

112. Private Peaceful by Michael Morpurgo, HarperCollins

113. Rebel Cargo by James Riordan, Frances Lincoln

114. The Book Thief by Markus Zusak, Bodley Head

115. Divided City by Theresa Breslin, Corgi

116. Game Boy (4u2read.ok) by Alan Durant, Barrington Stoke

117. Stat Man (FYI) by Alan Durant, Barrington Stoke

118. Lady Friday (Keys to the Kingdom) by Garth Nix, HarperCollins

119. The Penalty by Mal Peet, Walker

120. Dream On by Bali Rai, Barrington Stoke

121. Goal 2: Living the Dream by Robert Rigby, Corgi

122. Agent Orange (Spy High) by A J Butcher, Atom

123. Sakkara (New Heroes) by Michael Carroll, HarperCollins

124. Jimmy Coates: Revenge by Joe Craig, HarperCollins

125. True Spy Stories (Usborne True Stories) by Paul Dowswell and Fergus Fleming, Spies
(Publication due in June)

126. The Flight of the Silver Turtle by John Fardell, Faber

127. The Devil’s Breath by David Gilman, Puffin (Publication due in June)

128. Double or Die (Young Bond) by Charlie Higson, Puffin

129. Ark Angel (Alex Rider) by Anthony Horowitz, Walker

130. Meltdown (Special Agents) by Sam Hutton, HarperCollins

131. Deep Waters (Zac Power) by H I Larry, Egmont

132. The Fall (Cherub) by Robert Muchamore, Hodder

133. Deadline by John Townsend, Barrington Stoke

134. S.T.O.R.M. by E L Young, Macmillan

135. The Hand of the Devil by Dean Vincent Carter, Corgi

136. The Aztec Code by Steve Cole, Bloomsbury

137. Bunker 10 by J A Henderson, OUP

138. Sure Fire by Jack Higgins and Justin Richards, HarperCollins (Publication due in May)

139. Bloodbones (Fighting Fantasy) by Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone, Wizard Books

140. Troll Blood (Troll trilogy) by Katherine Langrish, HarperCollins

141. The Beast Within (Nemesis) by Catherine Macphail, Bloomsbury

142. Avenger (Boy Soldier) by Andy McNab, Corgi

143. Operation Typhoon Shore (Guild Trilogy) by Joshua Mowll, Walker

144. Boffin Boy and the Invaders from Space (Boffin Boy) by David Orme, Ransom

145. Time Runners: Freeze Framed (Time Runners) by Justin Richards, Simon & Schuster

146. Flash Flood (Code Red Adventures) by Chris Ryan, Red Fox

147. Book the Thirteenth: The End by Lemony Snicket, Egmont

148. The Web of Fire by Steve Voake, Faber

149. Smokescreen by Bernard Ashley, Usborne

150. Mutant (Gr8reads) by Theresa Breslin, Barrington Stoke

151. Being by Kevin Brooks, Puffin

152. Billy Elliot by Melvin Burgess, Chicken House

153. The Bone Room by Anne Cassidy, Barrington Stoke

154. Moon Man by David Donohue, Egmont

155. The Road of Bones by Anne Fine, Corgi

156. The Thing with Finn by Tom Kelly, Macmillan

157. Flush by Carl Hiaasen, Corgi

158. Under the Skin by Catherine Macphail, Barrington Stoke

159. Captives by Tom Pow, Corgi

160. BurnOut by Robert Swindells, Barrington Stoke

161. Case Closed by Gosho Aoyama, Gollancz

162. Help I’m a Classroom Gambler by Pete Johnson, Corgi

163. The Paradise Plot by Natasha Narayan, Egmont

164. The Inventors by Alexander Gordon Smith, Faber

165. Tide of Terror (Vampirates) by Justin Somper, Simon & Schuster

166. Running the Risk (Shapeshifter) by Ali Sparkes, OUP

167. H.I.V.E. (Higher Institute of Villainous Education) by Mark Walden, Bloomsbury

My favourite superstar--"SACHIN TENDULKAR"

2007-05-22T01:34:00.000+05:30

Hi! everybody!
Now, dis time i m putting forward my fovourite superstar till date--- no points 4 guessing --- u felt it right---"SACHIN TENDULKAR" ....
The ontent is basically taken 4m wikipedia...but hope i wl make my own review sooner.....

So, enjoy the making n flourishing f a born "SUPERSTAR".... So, again the repeated lines..." just follow me "!!! yo !!!

Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar pronunciation (help·info) (Marathi: सिचन तेंडुलकर; born 24 April 1973) is a current Indian cricketer who was rated by Wisden (2002) as the second greatest Test batsman ever[1] after Sir Don Bradman. He made his international debut in 1989 and holds several batting records in both Test Cricket and ODI Cricket. A perennial crowd-favorite, he is the only Indian cricketer to receive the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest sporting honour for his performance in 1997-1998. Many commentators and fellow players regard him as one of the greatest batsmen the game has seen

Personal life

Tendulkar hitting a six off Sreesanth, Challenger Series 2006, M.A.Chidambaram Stadium
Born to a middle class family of Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins in Bombay, now known as Mumbai. His father Ramesh Tendulkar, a Marathi novelist named him after his favourite music director Sachin Dev Burman. He was encouraged to play cricket by his elder brother, Ajit Tendulkar. He has 2 more siblings - brother Nitin Tendulkar and sister Savitai Tendulkar. Nitin's son Rohan Tendulkar born in 1990 is also a cricketer and represents Mumbai in junior cricket tournaments.
In 1995, Sachin Tendulkar married Anjali Tendulkar (born 13 feb 1971), the paediatrician daughter of Gujarati industrialist Anand Mehta. They have two children, Sara (born 12 October 1997) and Arjun (born 23 September, 2000).
Tendulkar sponsors 200 under-privileged children, every year through Apnalaya, a Mumbai-based NGO associated with his mother-in-law, Annaben Mehta. He is reluctant to speak about this, or other charitable activities, choosing to preserve the sanctity of his personal life despite the overwhelming media interest in him.

Career

Early days of cricket
He attended Sharadashram Vidyamandir School where he began his cricketing career under the guidance of his coach and mentor Ramakant Achrekar. During his early days as a schoolboy cricketer he went to the MRF pace academy to train as a pace bowler but was sent back home. While at school, he was involved in unbroken 664-run partnership in a Harris Shield game in 1988 with friend and team mate Vinod Kambli, who also went on to represent India. At the time, this was a record partnership in any form of cricket, until 2006 when it was broken by two under-13 batsmen in a match held at Hyderabad in India. When he was 14 Indian batting maestro Sunil Gavaskar gave him a pair of his used ultra light pads. "It was the greatest source of encouragement for me," he said nearly 20 years later after passing Gavaskar's top world record of 34 Test centuries.

Domestic career

In 1988/1989, he scored 100 not-out in his first first-class match for Bombay against Gujarat. At 15 years and 232 days he is the youngest cricketer to score a century on his first-class debut.
Sachin Tendulkar is the only player to score a century while making his Ranji Trophy, Duleep Trophy and Irani Trophy debut.

International career
Tendulkar is ambidextrous, batting, bowling and throwing with his right hand, but preferring to write with his left hand, practising left-hand throws at the nets on a regular basis. Tendulkar played his first international match against Pakistan in Karachi in 1989, facing the likes of Wasim Akram, Imran Khan, Abdul Qadir and Waqar Younis. He made just 15 runs, being bowled by Waqar Younis, who also made his debut in that match. It was an inauspicious start, but Tendulkar followed it up with his maiden Test fifty a few days later at Faisalabad. His One-day International (ODI) debut on December 18 was equally disappointing, where he was dismissed without scoring a run, again by Waqar Younis. The series was followed by a tour of New Zealand in which he fell for 88 in the Second Test. John Wright, who later became the coach of India, took the catch that prevented Tendulkar from becoming the youngest centurion in Test cricket. His maiden Test century came in next tour, to England in August 1990 at Old Trafford. Tendulkar further enhanced his development into a world-class batsman during the 1991-1992 tour of Australia that included an unbeaten 148 in Sydney (the first of many battles against Shane Warne who made his debut in the match) and a brilliant century on the fast and bouncy track at Perth. He has been Man of the Match 11 times in Test matches and Man of the Series twice, both times in the Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia.
Tendulkar's performance through the years 1994-1999, coincided with his physical peak, at age 20 through 25. Tendulkar was told to open the batting at Auckland against New Zealand in 1994.[2] He went on to make 82 runs off 49 balls. His first ODI century came on September 9, 1994 against Australia in Sri Lanka at Colombo. It had taken Tendulkar 79 ODIs to score a century.
Tendulkar's rise continued when he was the leading run scorer at the 1996 Cricket World Cup, topping the batting averages whilst scoring two centuries.
This was the beginning of a period at the top of the batting world, culminating in the Australian tour of India in early 1998, scoring three consecutive centuries. These were characterised by a pre-meditated plan to target Australian spinners Shane Warne and Gavin Robertson, to whom he regularly charged down the pitch to drive over the infield. This technique worked as India beat Australia. Following the series Australian spinner Shane Warne ruefully joked that he was having nightmares about his Indian nemesis.[3]
Indian Captain Mohd. Azharuddin was going through a lean patch and India were playing against Pakistan in Sharjah 1997. Sachin and Navjot Siddhu hit 100's to set a record partnership for the first wicket. Sachin returned back after getting out and found Azhar in two minds to bat out. Sachin boosted Azhar to bat and Azhar unleashed 29 runs in mere 10 balls. It enabled India post a score in excess of 300 runs for the first time. India went on to win that match.
A chronic back problem flared up when Pakistan toured India in 1999, with India losing the historic Test at Chepauk despite a gritty century from Tendulkar himself. Worse was to come as Professor Ramesh Tendulkar, Tendulkar's father, died in the middle of the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Tendulkar flew back to India to attend the final rituals of his father, missing the match against Zimbabwe. However, he returned with a bang to the World cup scoring a century (unbeaten 140 off 101 balls) in his very next match against Kenya in Bristol. He dedicated this century to his father.[4]
Tendulkar, succeeding Mohammad Azharuddin as captain, then led India on a tour of Australia, where the visitors were comprehensively beaten 3-0[5] by the newly-crowned world champions. After another Test series defeat, this time by a 0-2 margin at home against South Africa, Tendulkar resigned, and Sourav Ganguly took over as captain in 2000.
Tendulkar made 673 runs in 11 matches in the 2003 World Cup, helping India reach the final. While Australia retained the trophy that it had won in 1999, Tendulkar was given the Man of the Series award. The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003-2004 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series, with a double century in Sydney, which was also the last test appearance of one of cricket history's most successful captian Steve Waugh. Tennis elbow then took its toll on Tendulkar, leaving him out of the side for the first two Tests when Australia toured India in 2004. He played a part in the face-saving Indian victory in Mumbai, though Australia had already taken the series 2-1, with the Second Test in Chennai drawn.
Sachin is an integral part of Think-Tank. He's often found discussing with the captain and involved in building strategies. Current Captain, Rahul Dravid publicly acknowledged that it was Sachin, who suggested to promote Irfan Pathan to #3. Pathan's swash buckling batting did impress every one, but he was later removed from that position, as his bowling started to be less effective and he would need to concentrate more on his bowling.
On 10 December, 2005, at Feroz Shah Kotla, he delighted fans with a record-breaking 35th Test century, against the Sri Lankans.
On 6 February 2006, Tendulkar scored his 39th ODI hundred, in a match against Pakistan. He followed with a run-a-ball 42 in the second ODI against Pakistan on February 11, 2006, and then a 95 in hostile, seaming conditions on 13 February, 2006 in Lahore, which set up an Indian victory.
On 19 March 2006, after scoring an unconvincing 1 off 21 balls against England in the first innings of the third Test in his home ground, Wankhede, Tendulkar was booed off the ground by a section of the crowd,[6] the first time that he has ever faced such flak. While cheered on when he came for his second innings, Tendulkar, was the top scorer in the second innings[7] and yet was to end the three-Test series without a single half-century to his credit, and news of a shoulder operation raised more questions about his longevity.
Tendulkar was operated upon for his injured shoulder forcing him to skip the tour of West Indies in 2006.
On 23 May 2006, after deciding not to undergo a scheduled fitness test, he announced he would miss the tour of the Caribbean for the Test series. However he agreed to play 5 games for Lashings World XI in order to regain fitness for a possible August comeback. He had scored 155, 147(retired), 98, 101(retired) & 105 in the 5 matches for Lashings XI with strike rate of well above 100 and was the top scorer in all the matches.
Also in his first Twenty20 match with international opposition, although unofficial, Tendulkar hit 50 not out off 21 deliveries to blast the International XI to 123 after 10 overs against the Pakistan XI.
However as of July,2006 The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced that the longest-serving international cricketer has overcome his injury problem following a rehabilitation programme and is available for selection.
He then came for the DLF cup in Malaysia and became the only Indian batsman to shine. In his most recent comeback match, against West Indies on 14th September 2006, Tendulkar responded to his critics who believed that his career was inexorably sliding with his 40th ODI century. Though he scored 141*, West Indies won the rain-affected match by the D/L method. In January 2007 Tendulkar scored a 76-ball century against the West Indies which makes it his 41st ODI century. He reached a hundred on the last ball of the Indian innings. Tendulkar now has 17 more ODI tons than Sanath Jayasuriya who is second on the list of ODI century-makers.[8]
Wisden named Tendulkar one of the Cricketers of the Year in 1997, the first calendar year in which he scored 1,000 Test runs. He repeated the feat in 1999, 2001, and 2002. Tendulkar also holds the record for scoring 1,000 ODI runs in a calendar year. He has done it six times - 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000 and 2003. In 1998 he made 1,894 ODI runs, still the record for ODI runs by any batsman in any given calendar year.
At Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies, Tendulkar and the Indian cricket team had a dismal campaign. Tendulkar had scores of 7 (Bangladesh), 57* (Bermuda) and 0 (Sri Lanka). As a result, former Australian captain Ian Chappell, brother of current Indian coach Greg, called for Tendulkar to retire in his column for Mumbai's Mid Day newspaper[9]

Bowling

While not a regular bowler, Sachin Tendulkar has taken 39 wickets in 136 Tests and 148 wickets in 384 ODIs. He can bowl medium-pace,leg spin and off-spin with equal ease. He often bowls when two batsmen have been batting together for a long period, and can often be a useful partnership breaker. Though his Test bowling average is above 50 and his ODI bowling average above 40, he is considered[10] as the man with the Golden arm[11] who breaks partnerships.[12]
On more than one occasion,[13] he has had a strong influence on an Indian victory with his bowling. Notable among his bowling exploits are:
5 wicket haul against Australia[14] at Kochi in the 1997-98 Series . Set 269 runs to win, Australia were cruising comfortably at 203/3 in the 31st over. Sachin turned the match for India taking wickets of Michael Bevan, Steve Waugh, Darren Lehmann, Tom Moody and Damien Martyn for just 32 runs in 10 overs.
Final over control against South Africa in 1993 Hero-cup semifinals. South Africa needed 6 runs to win the match in the final over. Sachin, bowling 3 dot balls in that over, conceded just 3 runs to help India win the match and reach the Finals of the tournament.[15]
Performance of 4/34 in 10 overs against West Indies[16] in Sharjah where the Windies were bowled out for 145.
He single handedly won the ICC 1998 quarterfinal at Dhaka to pave way for India's entry into the Semifinals, when he took 4 Australian wickets after scoring 141 runs in just 128 balls.
Tendulkar took three wickets on the final day of the famous Kolkata Test against Australia in 2001, which India won after following on, 274 runs behind on the first innings. Tendulkar took the key wickets of Matthew Hayden — who made a hundred in the previous Test at Mumbai and a double century in the next — and Adam Gilchrist, another centurion at Mumbai.
The googly that got Moin Khan's wicket during the first test match in Multan is still considered to be most memorable delivery bowled by Sachin in test matches.

Criticism

Despite his record of scoring the most Test centuries, none of Tendulkar's innings found a place in the Wisden 100, a statistics-based list released by Wisden in 2001 of the 100 "greatest Test batting performances". Wisden stated that most of his best performances had come in draws and defeats, and so received a much lower weighting as they did not contribute to a victory.[17]
His two tenures as captain of the Indian cricket team were not particularly successful. When Sachin took over as Captain in 1996, it was with huge hopes and expectations. However, by 1997 team prospects were quite bad. Azharuddin was credited with saying "Nahin jeetega! Chote ki naseeb main jeet nahin hai!",[18] which translates into : "He won't win! It's not in the Shorty's destiny". During his second run, after constantly complaining that the national selectors weren't giving him the team he wanted, he resigned after a disastrous tour of Australia where India lost 0-3 in the Tests and managed to win only one of 8 ODIs. Incidentally, he was named man of the series for the Test matches.
Sachin Tendulkar was also allegedly criticized by erstwhile Indian coach Greg Chappell on his attitude.[19] As per the report, Chappell felt that Tendulkar would be more useful down the order, while the latter felt that he would be better off opening the innings which he has been doing for major portion of his career. Chappell also believed that Tendulkar's repeated failures were hurting the team's chances. In a rare show of emotion, Tendulkar hit out at the comments attributed to Chappell by pointing out that no coach has ever mentioned about his attitude being incorrect. On April 7, 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India issued a notice to Sachin Tendulkar asking for an explanation for his comments made to the media. [20]

Controversies

Sachin Tendulkar has always made effort to stay out of controversies and he did have fair amount of success in staying away from trouble. However, on & off the field, he had rare 'bad days' which doesn't reflect on the true nature of the batting maestro.
Ferrari Custom Duty Incident: In commemorating Sachin Tendulkar's feat of equalling Don Bradman's 29 centuries in Test Cricket, automotive giant Ferrari invited Sachin Tendulkar to its paddock in Silverstone on the eve of the British Grand Prix (23 July 2002) to receive a Ferrari 360 Modena from the legendary F1 racer Michael Schumacher.[21] On September 4, 2002 India's then finance minister Jaswant Singh wrote to Sachin telling him that the government will waive custom's duty imposed on the car as a measure to applaud his feat.[22] However the rules at the time stated that the customs duty can be waived only when receiving an automobile as a prize and not as a gift. It is claimed that the proposals to change the law (Customs Act)was put forth in Financial Bill in February 2003 and amended was passed as a law in May 2003. Subsequently the Ferrari was allowed to be brought to India without payment of the customs duty (Rs 1.13 Crores or 120% on the car value of Rs 75 Lakhs).[23] When the move to waive customs duty became public in July 2003, political and social activists protested the waiver[24] and filed PIL in the Delhi High Court. With the controversy snowballing, Sachin offered to pay the customs duty and the tab was finally picked up by Ferrari.[25] Tendulkar has been seen taking his Ferrari 360 Modena for late-night drives in Mumbai.
Main article: Mike Denness and Indian cricket team incident
Ball Tampering Charges: Television cameras picked up images of Sachin cleaning the seam of the cricket ball, amounting to altering the condition of the ball in the second test match between India and South Africa at St George's Park, Port Elizabeth.[26] The match referee Mike Denness found Sachin Tendulkar guilty of ball tampering charges and handed him a one Test match ban.[27] With Mike Denness taking action against 5 other Indian cricketers on various charges, the incident escalated to a larger issue and led to Mike Denness being barred from entering the venue of the third test match. ICC revoked the official status of the match and on the recommendations of a review commission, the ban on Sachin Tendulkar was revoked. Sachin's ball tampering charges & Sehwag's ban for excessive appealing triggered a massive backlash from the Indian public that the real facts of the case was never reviewed and the matter put to rest appropriately.
Stranded on 194: In the first test match of India's historic tour of Pakistan in 2004 at Multan, the acting captain's (Rahul Dravid) decision to declare the innings with 16 overs remaining on Day 2 and when Sachin was playing with a score of 194 NO ignited controversy. In meeting with the press that evening, Sachin Tendulkar responded to a question on missing 200 against Pakistan by stating that he was disappointed and that the declaration had taken him by surprise.[28] Reflecting his stature in Indian cricket & his penchant for avoiding issues, the nature of the statement and ex-cricketers debating the merits of the decision as a reflection on Tendulkar & Rahul's relationship fueled the controversy. The controversy was so huge that it completely overshadowed one of Indian cricket's landmark innings by a young Virender Sehwag - a score of 309 which is the highest ever by an Indian in Tests. Many former cricketers[29] commented[30] that Dravid's declaration was in bad taste. The media noted at the time that the decision had apparently been made by Sourav Ganguly,[31] and Ganguly himself later admitted that it had been a mistake.[32] The wording of the statement indicating that it had not been Dravid's call. The controversy was put to rest when Rahul Dravid, Sachin Tendulkar and the coach - John Wright spoke to the media after the team's victory and stated that the matter was spoken internally and put to rest.[33]

Records

Sachin Tendulkar's career performance graph.

Test Cricket
Game Appearances:
On his Test debut, Sachin Tendulkar was the third youngest debutant (16y 205d). Mushtaq Mohammad (15y 124d) and Aaqib Javed (16y 189d) debuted in ODI matches younger than Tendulkar. Since then, there has been 2 players who were younger than Sachin on their Test Cricket debut: Hasan Raza - Pakistan (14y 227d), the current youngest debutant, and Mohammad Sharif - Bangladesh (15y 128d).[34]
As on 10 April 2007, Tendulkar has played the most number of Test Matches for India (Kapil Dev is second with 131 Test appearances).
Tendulkar is fourth on the list of players with most Test caps. Steve Waugh (168 Tests), Allan Border (158 Tests), Shane Warne (145 Tests) have appeared in more games than Tendulkar[35]
Runs Scored:
4th highest tally of runs in Test cricket (10,793). Second Indian after Sunil Gavaskar to make over 10,000 runs in Test matches.[36]
Tendulkar and Brian Lara are the fastest to score 10,000 runs in Test cricket history. Both of them achieved this in 195 innings.[37]
On 3 January 2007 Sachin Tendulkar (5751) edged past Brian Lara's (5736) world record of runs scored in Tests away from home. Tendulkar achieved this in 75 away Test matches while Lara had scored his runs in 66 away Tests.
Career Average 55.06 - the highest average among those who have scored over 10,000 Test runs.
Tendulkar has 4 seasons with 1000 or more runs - 2002 (1392 runs), 1999 (1088 runs), 2001 (1003 runs) and 1997 (1000 runs).[38] Gavaskar is the only other Indian with four seasons of 1000+ runs. Only Hayden and Lara have five seasons with 1000+ runs in International cricket.
Centuries:
Highest number of Test centuries (36), overtaking Sunil Gavaskar's record (34) on 10 December 2005 vs Sri Lanka in Delhi. Brian Lara has also scored 34 Test Centuries.[39]
When Tendulkar scored his maiden century in 1990, he was the second youngest to score a century. Only Mushtaq Mohammad had scored a century at an younger age by 1990. Tendulkar's record was bettered by Mohammad Ashraful in 2001/02 season.[40] The record for previous youngest Indian centurion was held by Kapil Dev.
Tendulkar's record of five centuries before he turned 20 is a current world record.[40]
Tendulkar holds the current record (217 against NZ in 1999/00 Season) for the highest score in Test cricket by an Indian when captaining the side.[41] Gavaskar held the previous record (205 against West Indies in Bombay - 1978/79 season)
Tendulkar has scored centuries against all test playing nations.[39] He was the third batman to achieve the distinction after Steve Waugh and Gary Kirsten. The current list also includes Brian Lara, Ricky Ponting, Rahul Dravid, Jacques Kallis, Adam Gilchrist and Marvan Attapattu.

ODI

Highlights of Tendulkar's ODI career include:
Game Appearances:
Matches Played: 384 (as of 18th May, 2007)
Consecutive ODI Appearances: 185[42]
Most Stadium Appearances: 90 different Grounds
On his debut, Sachin Tendulkar was the second youngest debutant. Only Aaqib Javed debuted in ODI matches younger than Sachin Tendulkar. Since then, there has been 4 players who were younger than Sachin on their ODI debut: Hasan Raza (Pakistan) - the current youngest debutant), Mohammad Sharif (Bangladesh), Shahid Afridi (Pakistan) and Ramveer Rai (UAE)
Runs Scored:
Most Runs: 14,847 Runs (as of 20th Mar, 2007). He is the leading run scorer in the ODI format of the game and the only player to cross the 14,000 run mark.
Highest individual score among Indian batsmen (186* against New Zealand at Hyderabad in 1999). The score of 186* is listed the fifth highest score recorded in ODI matches
Holds the record for scoring 1,000 ODI runs in a calendar year. He has done it six times - 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000 and 2003.
First cricketer to cross 10,000-run mark. Only six other players have passed 10,000 runs in ODIs since then(Sanath Jayasuriya, Sourav Ganguly, Rahul Dravid, Ricky Ponting, Brian Lara, and Inzamam ul Haq). Sachin was the fastest to reach 10,000 runs taking 259 innings and has the highest batting average among batsmen with over 10,000 ODI runs
Centuries & Fifties Record:
Most centuries: 41
Only player to have over 100 innings of 50+ runs (41 Centuries and 77 Fifties)(as of 20th Mar, 2007)
Fifties: 77. Inzamam-ul-Haq (83) is the one of only two batsmen who have scored more Fifties. Rahul Dravid (78) is second on the list.[43]
Most centuries vs. Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe.
ODI Awards:
Most Man of the Match Awards: 53 Man of the Match Awards
Most Man of the Series Awards : 13 Man of the Series Awards
Calendar Year Record:
Most ODI runs in a calendar year: 1,894 ODI runs in 1998.
Most Centuries in a calendar year: 9 ODI centuries in 1998
Partnership Records:
Sachin Tendulkar with Sourav Ganguly hold the world record for the maximum number of runs scored by the opening partnership. They have put together 5,621 runs in 117 matches that includes 16 century partnerships and 21 fifty run partnerships]].[44] The 16 century partnerships for opening pair is also a world record.
Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid hold the world record for the highest partnership in ODI matches when they scored 331 runs against New Zealand in 1999 at the LBS, Hyderabad [45]
Sachin Tendulkar has been involved in six 200 run partnerships in ODI matches - a record that he shares with Sourav Ganguly and Ricky Ponting.[46]

World Cup

Most runs (1,796 at an average of 59.87 as on 20th Mar 2007) in World Cup Cricket History including 4 centuries & 13 fifties with a best score of 152* against Namibia in 2003 world cup
673 runs in 2003 Cricket World Cup, highest by any player in a single Cricket World Cup
Player Of The World Cup Tournament in the 2003 Cricket World Cup.

Miscellaneous
Tendulkar was the first batsman in history to score over 50 centuries in international cricket. He has now scored 77 (36 in Tests, 41 in ODIs).
Tendulkar was the first overseas cricketer to play for Yorkshire CCC in 1993, in more than 100 years of the club's history.
Sachin Tendulkar was the first batsman in Test Cricket to be declared as run out by a third umpire (using television replays) in 1992 against South Africa in South Africa.
During India's 1999-2000 tour to Australia, he was declared out LBW after ducking and being hit by bouncer that kept low by umpire Daryl Hair, which lead commentators to coin the term "shoulder before wicket".[47][48]

Achievements

Awards

1994: Arjuna Award Receipient for achievements in Cricket [49]
1997: Tendulkar was one of the five cricketers selected as Wisden Cricketer of the Year [50]
1997/98: Sachin Tendulkar received India's highest sporting honour - Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna [51]
1999: Awarded Padma Shri - India's civilian medal of recognition[52]

Media Recognition

In August of 2003, Sachin Tendulkar was voted as the "Greatest Sportsman" of the country in the sport personalities category in the Best of India poll conducted by Zee News.[53]
In November 2006, Time magazine named Tendulkar as one of the Asian Heroes.[54]
The current India Poised campaign run by The Times of India has nominated him as the Face of New India next to the likes of Amartya Sen and Mahatma Gandhi among others.

Business Interests

Books

Book Cover of one of many Tendulkar's biographies.
Sachin Tendulkar has been the subject of various books. The following is the listing of books focused on Tendulkar's career:
Sachin: The Story of the World's Greatest Batsman by Gulu Ezekiel. Publisher: Penguin Global. ISBN: 978-0143028543[56]
The A to Z of Sachin Tendulkar by Gulu Ezekiel. Publisher: Penguin Global. ISBN: 978-8174765307[57]
Sachin Tendulkar-a definitive biography by Vaibhav Purandare. Publisher: Roli Books. ISBN: 8174363602[58]
Sachin Tendulkar - Masterful by Peter Murray, Ashish Shukla. Publisher: Rupa. ISBN: 8171678068[59]

A mini Project source code----"HASHING"

2007-05-21T15:11:00.000+05:30

/* Hashing ----- By ashesh deep "a beautiful mind" */
#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include
int hash(char *key){ int sum=0; int len=strlen(key); if(len%2==1) len++; for(int j=0;jint makeaddress(char *key,int dept){ int retval=0; int hashval=hash(key); //cout<<"\n Hash value"<>1; } return retval;}
/********************************************************************** CLASS student**********************************************************************/int count;char stuff[100][100],stuff1[100][100];class student{ public: char *URN,*Name,*Addr,*Sem,*Bran; void Clear(); int Unpack(fstream&); int Pack(fstream&); void Input(int); void Display(); void Assign(student&); void Displayall(); //void format_text(char *);};
/********************************************************************** CLASS iobuf:PARENT CLASS FOR varlen AND delmfld BUFFER CLASS.**********************************************************************/class iobuf //AN ABSTRACT CLASS{ protected: char *Buffer; int BufSiz; public: void Clear(); virtual int Read(fstream&)=0; virtual int Write(fstream&)=0; virtual int Pack(student&,fstream&)=0; virtual int Unpack(student&,fstream&)=0;};
/********************************************************************** varlen: DEFINES READ AND WRITE OPERATION ON FILES. (Data is stored in buffer before writing or after reading)**********************************************************************/class varlen:public iobuf{ public: int Read(fstream&); int Write(fstream&);};
/********************************************************************* delmfld:DEFINES PACK AND UNPACK OPERATION FOR THE BUFFER*********************************************************************/class delmfld:public varlen{ public: int Pack(student&,fstream&); int Unpack(student&,fstream&);};void update(char *key){ student stds[100],std; int f=0,found=0,g; char upd='n'; fstream file("student.dat",ios::in); file.seekg(ios::beg); while(!file.fail()) if(std.Unpack(file)) if(strcmpi(std.URN,key)==0) //strmcpi { found=1; clrscr(); cout<<"\n\tRecord:"; std.Display(); cout<<"\n\n Confirm permanent updation:[Y/N]"; cin>>upd; if(!(upd=='Y'upd=='y')) { stds[f].Clear(); stds[f++].Assign(std);
} else { cout<<"\n\t Enter the new record:\n"; strcpy(std.URN,key); std.Input(1); stds[f].Clear(); stds[f++].Assign(std); //OVERWRITE } } else { stds[f].Clear(); stds[f++].Assign(std); } file.clear(); if(found==0) cout<<"\n\t Record not found."; else { file.close(); file.open("student.dat",ios::out); file.seekp(0,ios::beg); for(g=0;g/********************************************************************** DISPLAY FILE CONTENTS (i.e.ALL RECORDS SEQUENTIALLY.)**********************************************************************/void dispsq(){ student std; int i=0; fstream file("student.dat",ios::in); file.seekg(0,ios::beg); while(!file.fail()) if(std.Unpack(file)) { count++; std.Displayall(); strcpy(stuff[i],std.URN); i++; } else break; file.clear(); file.close();}
/******************************************************************** SEARCHING FOR A "USN" KEY********************************************************************/int search(char *key){ student std; int found=0; fstream file("student.dat",ios::in); file.seekg(ios::beg); while(!file.fail()) if(std.Unpack(file)) if(strcmpi(std.URN,key)==0) //COMPARE WITHOUT CASE SENSITIVITY { found=1; } //file.clear(); file.close(); return found;}
/********************************************************************** ADD A NEW RECORD TO THE DATA FILE.**********************************************************************/void append(){ student std; char key[30]; int flag=1,pos; std.Input(0); strcpy(key,std.URN); int result=search(key); if(result==1) { cout<<"\nRecord already present"; return; } //pos=file.tellp(); //flag=bt.insert(std.URN,pos); fstream file("student.dat",ios::app); file.seekp(0,ios::end); if(flag && std.Pack(file)) cout<<"\n\t Done."; else cout<<"\n\t Failure."; file.clear(); //db file.close();}
/********************************************************************** SEARCHING FOR GIVEN RECORD WITH URN AS KEY;**********************************************************************/void srch(char *key){ student std; int found=0; fstream file("student.dat",ios::in); file.seekg(ios::beg); while(!file.fail()) if(std.Unpack(file)) if(strcmpi(std.URN,key)==0) //COMPARE WITHOUT CASE SENSITIVITY { clrscr(); cout<<"\n\t Record found:"; cout<<"\n\n\t---------------------------------------------"; std.Display(); cout<<"\n\n\t---------------------------------------------"; found=1; } if (found==0) { cout<<"\n\t Record not found."; } file.clear(); file.close();}
/******************************************************************* DELETE RECORDS FROM FILE.*******************************************************************/void delrec(char *key){ int r=0, found=0,s; char del='N'; student stds[100],std; fstream file("student.dat",ios::in); file.seekg(0,ios::beg); while(!file.fail()) if(std.Unpack(file)) if(strcmpi(std.URN,key)==0) { found=1; clrscr(); cout<<"\n\t Record:"; cout<<"\n--------------------------------------------"; std.Display(); cout<<"\n--------------------------------------------"; cout<<"\n\t Confirm permanent deletion:\n Are you sure?(Y/N)"; cin>>del; if(!(del=='Y'del=='y')) { cout<<"\n\t Not deleted."; stds[r].Clear(); stds[r++].Assign(std); } else cout<<"\n\t Deleted."; } else { stds[r].Clear(); stds[r++].Assign(std); } file.clear(); if(found==0) cout<<"\n\t Record not found."; else { file.close(); file.open("student.dat",ios::out); file.seekp(0,ios::beg); for(s=0;s //bt.root=new node; //bt.create(); } void iobuf::Clear() { Buffer=new char[100]; BufSiz=0; }
/********************************************************************** READ RECORD INTO BUFFER AND FIND BUFFER LENGTH***********************************************************************/
int varlen :: Read(fstream &file){ if(file.fail()) return 0; Clear(); file.getline (Buffer,100,'\n'); BufSiz=strlen(Buffer); return 1;}
/********************************************************************* WRITE RECORDS IN FILE & APPEND '\n', THE RECORD DELIMETER*********************************************************************/int varlen :: Write (fstream &file ){ if(file.write(Buffer,BufSiz)) { file.write("\n",1); return 1; } return 0;}
/******************************************************************** PACK THE STUDENTS WITH DELIMETERS AND WRITE INTO FILE********************************************************************/int delmfld :: Pack (student &std,fstream &file){ Clear(); strcpy(Buffer,std.URN); //copy the value of the fields strcat(Buffer,""); //and add the record delimeter strcat(Buffer,std.Name); //after each field strcat(Buffer,""); strcat(Buffer,std.Addr); strcat(Buffer,""); strcat(Buffer,std.Sem); strcat(Buffer,""); strcat(Buffer,std.Bran); strcat(Buffer,'\0'); //add terminating character BufSiz = strlen (Buffer); return(Write (file)); //write into file}
/****************************************************************** READ RECORD FROM FILE INTO BUFFER AND UNPACK INTO STUDENT******************************************************************/int delmfld :: Unpack (student &std,fstream &file){ if (!Read (file)) return 0; std.Clear(); if(BufSiz>0) { int p=0,q; for(q=0;Buffer[q]!='';q++) std.URN[p++]=Buffer[q]; //unpack urn std.URN[p]='\0'; p=0;q++; for(;Buffer[q]!='';q++) std.Name[p++]=Buffer[q];//unpack name std.Name[p]='\0';p=0;q++; for(;Buffer[q]!='';q++) std.Addr[p++]=Buffer[q]; //unpack address std.Addr[p]='\0'; p=0;q++; for(;Buffer[q]!='';q++) std.Sem[p++]=Buffer[q]; //unpack Semester std.Sem[p]='\0'; p=0;q++; for(;q/******************************************************************** CLEAR STUDENT OBJECTS********************************************************************/void student :: Clear(){ URN=new char[100]; Name=new char[100]; Addr=new char[100]; Sem=new char[100]; Bran=new char[100];}
/******************************************************************** READ DATA********************************************************************/void student :: Input (int flUpd){ if(!flUpd) { Clear(); cout<<"\t URN (max 10 characters):"; cin>>URN; } cout<<"\t Name :";cin>> Name; // Input values for each field cout<<"\t Address :";cin>> Addr; cout<<"\t Semester[1-8] :";cin>>Sem; cout<<"\t Branch :";cin>>Bran;}

/******************************************************************* DISPLAY RECORD OF ONLY ONE STUDENT********************************************************************/void student:: Displayall(){ cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield); cout<<"\n"<
/******************************************************************** ASSIGN GIVEN STUDENT TO THIS STUDENT********************************************************************/void student :: Assign(student &std){ /*Assign student to this student*/ strcpy(URN,std.URN); strcpy(Name,std.Name); strcpy(Addr,std.Addr); strcpy(Sem,std.Sem); strcpy(Bran,std.Bran);}

/******************************************************************* PACK STUDENT INTO NEW BUFFER*******************************************************************/int student::Pack(fstream &file){ delmfld buffer; return (buffer.Pack(*this,file));
}

/****************************************************************** UNPACK BEFFER INTO STUDENT******************************************************************/int student::Unpack(fstream &file){ delmfld buffer ; return (buffer.Unpack(*this,file));}

/**************************THE main() PROGRAM*********************/void main(){ clrscr(); int ch=0,pos,depth,found=0; student stud; //bt.creat(); char key[100]; do { window(1,1,80,25); textbackground(BLACK); clrscr(); textcolor(RED); //clrscr(); cout<<"\n\t\t Internal Data File :student.dat:" <<"\n\t*********************************************************\n" <<"\n\t 1: Displays all records ." <<"\n\t 2: Add record into the file ." <<"\n\t 3: Search sequentially." <<"\n\t 4: Delete record." <<"\n\t 5: Update record." <<"\n\t 6: Hash Table." <<"\n\t 7: Search Hash able." <<"\n\t 0: Quit Program." <<"\n\t*********************************************************\n" <<"\n\t\t Plz enter your choice [0-7]:"; cin>>ch; switch(ch) { case 1: clrscr(); count=0; cout<<"\n\n\n\t\t\t\t STUDENT.DAT"; cout<<"\n********************************************************************************\n"; cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield); cout<<" "<<>>key; srch(key); break; case 4: cout<<"\n\t Enter the URN to delete:"; cin>>key; delrec(key); break; case 5: cout<<"\n\t Enter the URN to Update:"; cin>>key; update(key); break; case 6: int k=0,i,addr; cout<<"\n Enter depth"; cin>>depth; k=pow(2,depth); k=k; for(i=0;i clrscr(); cout<<"\n\t\t******** HASH TABLE **********"<\t KEY"<"<KEY"<KEY"<"<KEY"<>key; addr=makeaddress(key,depth); for(i=0;i0 && ch<6) { gotoxy(25,23); cout<<"\n\t Press any key to return to the Main Menu..."; } getch(); } while(ch!=0); //fstream f1("driver.dat",ios::out); //f1.close();}

Three beautiful stories in-the-line....

2007-05-17T04:30:00.001+05:30

Read out the three beautiful short stories of beautiful mind....

Again the repeated lines...."Just Follow me ....!!!yo!!!"..... n don't forget to leave a comment...

Love and Time

2007-05-17T04:14:00.000+05:30

Once upon a time, there was an island where all the feelings lived:

Happiness, Sadness, Knowledge, and all of the others, including Love. One

day it was announced to the feelings that the island would sink, so all

constructed boats and left. Except for Love.

Love was the only one who stayed. Love wanted to hold out until the last

possible moment.

When the island had almost sunk, Love decided to ask for help.

Richness was passing by Love in a grand boat. Love said,

"Richness, can you take me with you?"

Richness answered, "No, I can't. There is a lot of gold and silver in my boat.

There is no place here for you."

Love decided to ask Vanity who was also passing by in a beautiful vessel.

"Vanity, please help me!"

"I can't help you, Love. You are all wet and might damage my boat," Vanity

answered.

Sadness was close by so Love asked, "Sadness, let me go with you."

"Oh . . . Love, I am so sad that I need to be by myself!"

Happiness passed by Love, too, but she was so happy that she did not even

hear when Love called her.

Suddenly, there was a voice, "Come, Love, I will take you." It was an elder.

So blessed and overjoyed, Love even forgot to ask the elder where they

were going. When they arrived at dry land, the elder went her own way.

Realizing how much was owed the elder,

Love asked Knowledge, another elder, "Who Helped me?"

"It was Time," Knowledge answered.

"Time?" asked Love. "But why did Time help me?"

Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and answered, "Because only Time is

capable of understanding how valuable Love is."

Parable Of The Pencil - Pencil story

2007-05-17T04:10:00.000+05:30

The Pencil Maker took the pencil aside, just before putting him into the box.

"There are 5 things you need to know," he told the pencil, "Before I send you out into the world. Always remember them and never forget, and you will become the best pencil you can be."

"One: You will be able to do many great things, but only if you allow yourself to be held in Someone's hand."

"Two: You will experience a painful sharpening from time to time, but you'll need it to become a better pencil."

"Three: You will be able to correct any mistakes you might make."

"Four: The most important part of you will always be what's inside."

"And Five: On every surface you are used on, you must leave your mark. No matter what the condition, you must continue to write."

The pencil understood and promised to remember, and went into the box with purpose in its heart.

Now replacing the place of the pencil with you. Always remember them and never forget, and you will become the best person you can be.

One: You will be able to do many great things, but only if you allow yourself to be held in God's hand. And allow other human beings to access you for the many gifts you possess.

Two: You will experience a painful sharpening from time to time, by going through various problems in life, but you'll need it to become a stronger person.

Three: You will be able to correct any mistakes you might make.

Four: The most important part of you will always be what's on the inside.

And Five: On every surface you walk through, you must leave your mark. No matter what the situation, you must continue to do your duties.

Allow this parable on the pencil to encourage you to know that you are a special person and only you can fulfill the purpose to which you were born to accomplish.

Never allow yourself to get discouraged and think that your life is insignificant and cannot make a change.

Mountain Story - An interesting short story

2007-05-17T03:00:00.000+05:30

"A son and his father were walking on the mountains.Suddenly, his son falls, hurts himself and

screams: "AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!"To his surprise, he hears the voice repeating, somewhere in the

mountain: "AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!"Curious, he yells: "Who are you?"He receives the answer:

"Who are you?"And then he screams to the mountain: "I admire you!"The voice answers: "I

admire you!"Angered at the response, he screams: "Coward!"He receives the answer:

"Coward!"He looks to his father and asks: "What's going on?"The father smiles and says: "My

son, pay attention."Again the man screams: "You are a champion!"The voice answers: "You are

a champion!"The boy is surprised, but does not understand.Then the father explains: "People

call this ECHO, but really this is LIFE.It gives you back everything you say or do.Our life is

simply a reflection of our actions.If you want more love in the world, create more love in your

heart.If you want more competence in your team, improve your competence.This relationship

applies to everything, in all aspects of life;Life will give you back everything you have given to

it."

YOUR LIFE IS NOT A COINCIDENCE. IT'S A REFLECTION OF YOU!"-- Unknown Author

courtesy: www.indianchild.com

Fundamental Rights in India

2007-05-15T03:28:00.000+05:30

Hi!

a beautiful mind has once again arrived with new n different topic.....Being responsible citizen of India we shld know what i m going 2 describe......also, some critical analysis....... SO, again, the repeated lines...."Just follow me...!!!Yo!!!

The Fundamental Rights in India enshrined in the Part III of the Constitution of India guarantee civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. These include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before law, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of association and peaceful assembly, freedom to practice religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights by means of writs such as habeas corpus. Violations of these rights result in punishments as prescribed in the Indian Penal Code, subject to discretion of the judiciary. The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedoms which every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious development of personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed, colour or sex. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain restrictions. The Rights have their origins in many sources, including England's Bill of Rights, the United States Bill of Rights and France's Declaration of the Rights of Man.
The six fundamental rights are:[1]

Right to equality

Right to freedom

Right against exploitation

Right to freedom of religion

Cultural and educational rights

Right to constitutional remedies

Rights literally mean those freedoms which are essential for personal good as well as the good of the community. The rights guaranteed under the Constitution of India are fundamental as they have been incorporated into the Fundamental Law of the Land and are enforceable in a court of law. However, this does not mean that they are absolute or that they are immune from Constitutional amendment.[2]
Fundamental rights for Indians have also been aimed at overturning the inequalities of pre-independence social practices. Specifically, they have also been used to abolish untouchability and hence prohibit discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. They also forbid trafficking of human beings and forced labour. They also protect cultural and educational rights of ethnic and religious minorities by allowing them to preserve their languages and also establish and administer their own education institutions.

Significance and characteristics

The Fundamental Rights were included in the constitution because they were considered essential for the development of the personality of every individual and to preserve human dignity. The writers of the constitution regarded democracy of no avail if civil liberties, like freedom of speech and religion were not recognized and protected by the State(I). According to them, "democracy" is, in essence, a government by opinion and therefore, the means of formulating public opinion should be secured to the people of a democratic nation. For this purpose, the constitution guaranteed to all the citizens of India the freedom of speech and expression and various other freedoms in the form of the Fundamental Rights.[5]
Theories of rights
Animal rights
Children's rights
Civil rights
Collective rights
Group rights
Human rights
Inalienable rights
Individual rights
Legal rights
Men's rights
Natural rights
Negative & positive
Social rights
"Three generations"
Women's rights
Workers' rights
Youth rights

All people, irrespective of race, religion, caste or sex, have been given the right to move the Supreme Court and the High Courts for the enforcement of their Fundamental Rights. It is not necessary that the aggrieved party has to be the one to do so. Poverty stricken people may not have the means to do so and therefore, in the public interest, anyone can commence litigation in the court on their behalf. This is known as "Public interest litigation".[6] In some cases, High Court judges have acted on their own on the basis of newspaper reports.
These Fundamental Rights help not only in protection but also the prevention of gross violations of human rights. They emphasize on the fundamental unity of India by guaranteeing to all citizens the access and use of the same facilities, irrespective of background. Some Fundamental Rights apply for persons of any nationality whereas others are available only to the citizens of India. The right to life and personal liberty is available to all people and so is the right to freedom of religion. On the other hand, freedoms of speech and expression and freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country are reserved to citizens alone, including non-resident Indian citizens.[7] The right to equality in matters of public employment cannot be conferred to overseas citizens of India.[8]
Fundamental rights primarily protect individuals from any arbitrary State actions, but some rights are enforceable against individuals.[9] For instance, the Constitution abolishes untouchability and also prohibits begar. These provisions act as a check both on State action as well as the action of private individuals. However, these rights are not absolute or uncontrolled and are subject to reasonable restrictions as necessary for the protection of general welfare. They can also be selectively curtailed. The Supreme Court has ruled[10] that all provisions of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights can be amended. However, the Parliament cannot alter the basic structure of the constitution. Features such as secularism and democracy fall under this category. Since the Fundamental Rights can only be altered by a constitutional amendment, their inclusion is a check not only on the executive branch, but also on the Parliament and state legislatures.[11]
A state of national emergency has an adverse effect on these rights. Under such a state, the rights conferred by Article 19 (freedoms of speech, assembly and movement, etc.) remain suspended. Hence, in such a situation, the legislature may make laws which go against the rights given in Article 19. Also, the President may by order suspend the right to move court for the enforcement of other rights as well.

Critical analysis

The Fundamental Rights have been criticised for many reasons. Political groups have demanded that the right to work, the right to economic assistance in case of unemployment, old age, and similar rights be enshrined as constitutional guarantees to address issues of poverty and economic insecurity,[36] though these provisions have been enshrined in the directive principles of state policy.[37] The right to freedom and personal liberty has a number of limiting clauses, and thus have been criticized for failing to check the sanctioning of powers often deemed "excessive".[36] There is also the provision of preventive detention and suspension of Fundamental Rights in times of Emergency. The provisions of acts like MISA (Maintenance of Internal Security Act) and NSA (National Security Act) are a means of countering the fundamental rights, because they sanction excessive powers with the aim of fighting internal and cross-border terrorism and political violence, without safeguards for civil rights.[36] The phrases "security of State", "public order" and "morality" are of wide implication. The meaning of phrases like "reasonable restrictions" and "the interest of public order" have not been explicitly stated in the constitution, and this ambiguity leads to unnecessary litigation.[36] The freedom to assemble peacably and without arms is exercised, but in some cases, these meetings are broken up by the police through the use of non-fatal methods.[38][39]
"Freedom of press" has not been included in the right to freedom, which is necessary for formulating public opinion and to make freedom of expression more legitimate.[36] Employment of child labour in hazardous job environments has been reduced, but their employment even in non-hazardous jobs, including their prevalent employment as domestic help violates the spirit and ideals of the constitution. More than 16.5 million children are employed and working in India.[40] India was ranked 88 out of 159 in 2005, according to the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians worldwide.[41] The right to equality in matters regarding public employment shall not be conferred to Overseas citizens of India, according to the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2003.[8]

courtesy: www.wikipedia.org

beautiful jokes....

2007-05-14T17:57:00.000+05:30

First Chk out dis n den proceed....http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiFrfeJ8dKM

1...Dumb Truckers

While driving along the back roads of a small town, two Arkansas truckers came to an overpass with a sign that read CLEARANCE 11'3". They got out and measured their rig, which was 12'4".
"What do you think?" one asked the other.
The driver looked around carefully, then shifted into first."Not a cop in sight. Let's take a chance!"

2...Dumb Texans

On a shopping trip to the city a backwoods farmer bought a 24-piece jigsaw puzzle. He worked on it every night for two weeks. Finally, the puzzle was finished.
"Look what I've don, Jess," he said proudly to a visiting neighbor.
"That's surely somethin', Willard. How long did it take you?"
"Only two weeks."
"Never done a puzzle myself," Jess said. "Is two weeks fast?"
"Darn tootin'," Willard said. "Look at the box. It says, 'From two to four years

3...

A man walks into a hamburger shop and orders a regular meal. Later, the waitress brings his meal to him. He takes a bite out of it, and notices there's a small hair in the hamburger. He begins yelling frantically at the waitress, "Waitress, there's a hair in my hamburger! I demand to see what is going on!"

So, the waitress takes him back where the cook is and to his demise, he sees the cook take the meat patty and flatten it under his arm pit. He says, "That's disgusting!"Then the waitress says, "You think that's disgusting you should see him make donuts."

4...

One day an Indian boy asked his father why they have such long names? The dad answers, "Well son whenever a Indian baby is born the father would go outside and name the baby after the first thing he sees... Why do you ask Two Dogs Fucking."

5...

There were these three guys. They had been walking for 3 days and were very tired. They found a hotel, rented a room and went to sleep. Then, this old guy comes in out of nowhere, and says there is a magic pool just outside their hotel room. He tells them "Ok, you must jump off the diving board, and yell out what you wanna land in."

So the three guys go over to the pool. The first guy, a vegetarian, yells out "Bananas!" and lands in a pool of bananas. The second guy was money hungry and yelled out "Money!" and lands in a pile of money. The third guy jumps, when a bird shits on his head, and he yells "Oh Shit!"

6...

A young blind boy is being tucked into bed by his mother. The mom says "Now Billy, pray really hard tonight and tomorrow, your wish will come true!". Billy says, "Ok mommy." and goes to sleep. The next morning, Billy wakes up and screams "MOMMY! I'm still blind, my wish didn't come true!", the mom answered, "I know - April Fools!"

7...

A woman was standing in a crowded lift of the hotel she was staying in. When a man got in and accidentally elbowed her in the breast. The man said, "I'm sorry! But if your heart is as soft as your tit, you'll forgive me." so the woman replies, "If you dick is as hard as your elbow then I am staying in room 113."

8...

A few days after Christmas, A mother was working in the kitchen listening to her son playing with his new electric train set in the living room. She heard the train stop and her son yell "All you sons of bitches who want to get off, get the hell off now, because this is the last stop! All of you sons of bitches that are getting on, get your asses in the train cause were leaving". The mother went in and told her son, "we don't use that kind of language in this house." Now I want you to go into your room for two hours. When you come out, you can play with your train, but I don't want to hear any bad language.

Two hours later, the son comes out of his room and continues playing with his train. Soon the train stopped and the mother heard the son say, "All passengers who are disembarking the train, please remember to take all of your belongings with you. We thank you for riding with us today and hope your ride was a pleasant one. We hope you will ride with us again soon. For those of you who are just boarding the train, we ask that you stow all of your hand luggage under the seat, remember there is no smoking except on the club car. We hope you have a pleasant and relaxing journey with us today".

"For those of you who are pissed off with the two hour delay , please see the bitch in the kitchen."

9...

A young couple gets married, and the groom asks his bride if he can have a dresser drawer of his own that she will never open. The bride agrees. After 30 years of marriage, she notices that his drawer has been left open. She peeks inside and sees 3 golf balls and $1,000.

She confronts her husband and asks for an explanation. He explains "Every time I was unfaithful to you, I put a golf ball in the drawer." She figures 3 times in 30 years isn't bad and asks "But what about the $1,000?" He replied "Whenever I got a dozen golf balls, I sold them"

10...

A mother found her son scooping ice cream in the kitchen and was mad.

Mom : "Dinner is going to be ready in an hour, put that ice cream away and go play."

Son : "But mom, there's no one to play with."

Mom : "I'll play with you, what do you wanna play?"

Son : "Lets play mommy and daddy, you go upstairs and lay down on the bed."

The mom said ok and went upstairs. The son put on his dad's fishing hat and lit up one of his dad's cigarettes. He went upstairs and opened the door.

Mom : "Now what do I do?"

Son : "Get your ass out of bed, you whore, and fix that kid some fucking ice cream."

11...

An 80 year old couple were having problems remembering things, so they decided to go to their doctor to get checked out to make sure nothing was wrong with them.

When they arrived at the doctors, they explained to the doctor about the problems they were having with their memory. After checking the couple out, the doctor told them that they were physically okay but might want to start writing things down and make notes to help them remember things.

The couple thanked the doctor and left. Later that night while watching TV, the man got up from his chair and his wife asked, "Where are you going?" He replied, "To the kitchen." She asked, "Will you get me a bowl of ice cream?" He replied, "Sure." She then asked him, "Don't you think you should write it down so you can remember it?" He said, "No, I can remember that."

She then said, "Well I would also like some strawberries on top. You had better write that down because I know you'll forget that." He said, "I can remember that, you want a bowl of ice cream with strawberries." She replied, "Well I also would like whipped cream on top. I know you will forget that so you better write it down.

"With irritation in his voice, he said, "I don't need to write that down! I can remember that." He then fumes into the kitchen. After about 20 minutes he returned from the kitchen and handed her a plate of bacon and eggs. She stared at the plate for a moment and said angrily: "I TOLD you to write it down! You forgot my toast!"

12...

One day a girl brings home her boyfriend and tells her father she wants to marry him. After talking to him for while, he tells his daughter she can't do it because he's her half brother. The same problem happens again four more times! The girl starts to get pissed off. She goes to her mom and says, "Mom... What have you been doing all your life? Dad's been going around laying every maiden in the town and now I can't marry any of the five guys I like because they have turned out to be my half brothers!!!"

Her mom replies, "Don't worry darling, you can marry any one of them you want, he isn't really your dad."

13...

The patient says, "Give me the bad news first!"Doctor replies, "You've got AIDS.""Oh, no! What could be worse than that?" asks the patient."You've also got Alzheimer's Disease."Looking relieved the patient says, "Oh...Well, that's not so bad. At least I don't have AIDS."

14...

Mr.Johnson and his secretary are on a train to Paris. They are just about to go to sleep when the secretary, who has the hots for her boss says in a seductive voice, I'm a little cold, could I borrow your blanket? The man says how would you like to be Mrs. Johnson for awhile? The secretary jumps at the chance and begins to get out of bed. Then he replies, good, then you can get your own damn blanket.

15...

A burglar breaks into a house. He sees a CD player that he wants so he takes it. Then he hears a voice "JESUS is watching you". He looks around with his flashlight wandering "What The HELL Was That?". He spots some $ on a table and takes it......Once again he hears a voice " JESUS is watching you". He hides in a corner trying to find where the voice came from. He spots a birdcage with a parrot in it! He goes over and asks " Was that your voice?". It said "YES". He then says "What's your name?". It says "MOSES". The burglar says " What kind of person names his bird moses??" The parrot replys "THE SAME PERSON THAT NAMES HIS ROTWEILER "JESUS".

16...

During their silver anniversary, a wife reminded her husband: Do you remember when you proposed to me, I was so overwhelmed that I didn't talk for an hour?" The hubby replied: "Yes, honey, that was the happiest hour of my life."

17...

A soldier was given the job of hunting for buffalo. To help him, he hired an Indian Scout. The two of them set off on their journey to find buffalo. After riding awhile, the Indian gets off his horse, puts his ear to the ground and says "Humm, buffalo come". The soldier scans the area with his binoculars, but sees nothing. He is confused and says to the Indian, "I do not see anything, how do you know buffalo come"? and the Indian replies, "ear sticky".

18...

A guy walks past a mental hospital and hears a moaning voice "13.......13.......13.........13" the man looked over to the hospital and saw a hole in the wall, he looked through the hole and gets poked in the eye. The moaning voice then groaned '14.........14.........14.......14.'

courtesy: www.lotsofjokes.com

If u Missed Cricket WC final 2007 den see it in my style!!!

2007-04-30T18:10:00.000+05:30

Hey !!! a beautiful mind has again arrived....yo...!!! This time not with a study material but as entertaining LIVE match in my own wording style... you will forger whoz Denis Ritchie n Tony Greg... Wat a converter an audio-video into language..... u will come across a fantastic NARRATION.... So, again "Just follow me....!!!" yo.....

This is cricket World cup 2007 final held on 28th April, 2007... with interactive narration as if u r sitting in stadium.....So, enjoy........yo....!!!

6.10pm

Adam Gilchrist and the weather dashed Sri Lanka's chances in the World Cup final © Getty Images
The final minutes of the match descended into chaos and confusion and Australia were finally announced champions in near darkness, after having celebrated their victory a couple of overs earlier.
Though no one, including the ICC media manager who was present in the press box, knows yet what exactly happened in the middle, it appears that the umpires offered the Sri Lankan batsmen the light in the 33rd over, which they accepted, sparking off wild celebrations among the Australians. The stumps were broken too, signaling the end of play. But the umpires, who had stayed on in the middle, conferred and interrupted the victory huddle and soon it became apparent that the play had not been called off.
Soon, the Sri Lankan batsmen emerged from the dressing-room and play resumed even thought the light faded further. It took a couple of nondescript overs for the Australians to finally seal victory and though they were deserving winners, there was an anti-climatic feel to the end. The Australians had been robbed off a feeling of spontaneity. But it was that sort of a World Cup.

6 pm - McGrath strikes

He has done it. It wasn’t off the last ball, and he might have an over left if Ponting decides to give him an eighth. It’s almost twilight now, cameras are flashing in the stands and the Aussies are singing Land Down Under in unison.

5।50 pm - Watch out for McGrath's last burst

The cup is all but Australia’s now and next over could be McGrath’s last in international cricket। He hasn’t taken a wicket so far, but he ended his Test career with a wicket and nothing should be ruled out.

5.40 pm - Light fades on Sri Lanka's run chase

A cool evening breeze is wafting across the ground and Chamara Silva has just crafted two fours off Bracken, but bulbs have already come on in the 3Ws stand, and the light is receding fast। Shaun Tait is rifling them in from the Joel Garner end, and there is no telling how long this can last. The Sri Lankans would not be appealing for bad light for sure.

5।25 pm - Gloomy skies worsen Sri Lanka' position

The rain’s gone, and the players are back on the field, but the overs have been slashed and the target revised। Sri Lanka, who needed about 10 per over before going off now need an almost hopeless 12। Aussie front-benchers are on their feet now, and the sound of drums has receded. Sri Lanka were behind already, and their supporters must now reflect on the injustice of nature: did the Australians need any additional assistance? Mahela Jayawardene has just been trapped lbw and Sri Lankan hopes are receding by the ball.

5.00 pm - It looks bleak for Sri lanka

Alas, it is beginning to drizzle though it’s not heavy but persistent। Sri Lanka are way behind in the D/L calculations and it will be a tragedy if the match were to end that way. The last World Cup knock-out match between these two teams, in the semi-final in 2003, was decided by D/L, with Sri Lanka way behind the target. There is an hour left before the scheduled close of the play which can be extended by an half an hour. It all looks bleak at the moment. The umpires are staying on and saw-dust has been poured near the crease but the pitch is getting wet and the decision will have to be taken soon.

4.15 pm - Sangakkara mesmerises and gives hope to Srilanka

In a day full of thrilling stroke-play, three of the most gorgeous were executed by Sangakkara, off successive balls, off that old miser Glenn McGrath। The first was a ballet-like shimmy down the wicket, a melodious executing of the lofted drive, not brutal, but a stroke played with a rhythmic flow; the next was outside off, and carved, between cover and extra cover with timing and precision; McGrath followed up with a short ball, and Sangakarra swivelled and pulled it swiftly behind midwicket. Between Gilchrist and Sangakkara, we have seen the full range already. Gilchrist, all bat-speed and power, Sangakkara all grace and wrist.The chant – Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka – is beginning to get deafening now.

4.00 pm - Fumbling occurs

Are the Australian fielders feeling the nerves of the big stage? Not even half-way into the Sri Lankan chase and there have been four blips on the field. Two in Shaun Tait’s third over – first Brad Hogg failed to back up to a throw from Michael Clarke and conceded a overthrow and off the next ball, Shane Watson dropped Sangakkara's mistimed uppercut at third man. It was Hogg again, who fired in throw wide off McGrath at the bowler’s end and Sangakkara desperately short of the crease, and Michael Clarke let a ball slip through his hands at point to allow a single. The world champions crumbling? Hardly.

3.40 pm - Mixed sounds from the crowd

Sri Lankan fans use drums and conches to cheer their side while Australian ones use their hands and mouths AFPDifferent sounds are beginning to be heard around the stands now. The Australian fans are using their hands and their mouths. There is a rhythmic build-up to every ball as the fans cheer with synchronised clapping and whistling. And they can be easily spotted with their yellow jerseys, or as a group in the southern part of the east stand without any. The ROW supporters are sprinkled all over, and they emanate various sounds. Sri Lanka's fours are greeted with thumping of drums from one part of the ground, blow of conches from another, and a loud roar of cheer from all over. The first Australian misfield was hailed by a triumphantly approving noise, only to be bettered next ball when Kumar Sangakkarra was dropped by Shane Watson at the third-man boundary. The sun is out in full glory as Glenn McGrath starts his spell from the Malcolm Marshall end.

3.20 pm - Tait's amazing run-up

The sun’s hiding again, and Nathan Bracken starts with a cool breeze blowing across. Upul Tharanga flashes the first ball over cover for four. The ground has been almost full today, but the empty seats are in the 3W's stand. They belong to the sponsors of this mega-tournament. Most of them Indian corporates, and many of them have decided to cut their loss. Shaun Tait serves up a crunching bouncer to Tharanga. It’s amazing how he generates such pace off a languid, almost halting run-up. The over ends with a loud but futile leg-before appeal.

3.00 pm - Give it up for the World Cup volunteers

Sri Lanka were undone by Australia's power-hitting and looked hapless on the field Getty ImagesWorld Cup volunteers, who have worked tirelessly behind the scenes, some of them abhorring the regulations that have squeezed the fun out of the World Cup, are on a parade around the ground now. And movingly, they are getting a standing ovation from the spectators. Despite the officiousness of it all, the World Cup has been an incident-free event, and the volunteers have played huge part in it. The innings break is over almost as soon as it started.

2.57 pm - Hapless Lanka

An absolute shocker that sums up Sri Lanka's performance on the field. Fernando, who has already bowled a no-ball and a wide in the final over of the innings, manages to fire one in at Michael Clarke's feet. Clarke barely manages to squeeze it out, and the ball loops back to Fernando off the ground. Andrew Symonds, meanwhile, has charged down the wicket and Fernando merely has to roll the ball back to the stumps to run him out. But he fumbles, trips and misses the stumps. The ball rolls down to mid off and the batsmen squeeze out a single. Sri Lanka have been run ragged by an awesome display of power-hitting.

2.50 pm - 300 in 38 overs?

A wicket at last for Lasith Malinga, and the first big roar goes up from the ROW (Rest of the World) fans. The ball was full and swinging and Watson went to sweep, Australia have promoted big-shot men ahead and Michael Hussey must be wondering what it might take for him to get a hit. Australia are unlikely to get to 300 now. But who knows?
No stopping Gili at Barbados .

2.10pm - Whose side are you on?

Australia vs The World, one banner in the East Stand reads. Which of course sums up the sentiments at the ground today. The Barmy Army are there, and it’s not hard to guess who they are supporting. I sat next to a Barbadian lady in the bus in the morning. Who was she backing, I asked? I needn’t have. She pointed to her T-shirt. It was Sri Lankan. “No more Aussie, Aussie, Aussie, oi, oi, oi”, she said. The Aussies have been at it since the match began. For the most, they have only gasps: a bump ball caught at cover, a high ball falling between the fielders, a mis-hit from Hayden, a couple of muffled appeals from Murali.... at this rate, Australia could keep in tact their record of scoring 300 every time they have batted first: 84 from nine overs. Eminently possible.

1.40pm -

Gilchrist hurts Sri LankaGilchrist brings up his first hundred in a World Cup final by lifting Malinga over his head for four. It is the fastest hundred in a World Cup final. He has been breathtakingly brutal, smoking fours and sixes almost at will. Hayden has joined the party too, hoisting Malinga for a straight six. They have now become the second most prolific opening pair in one-day cricket, beating Gordon Greenidge and Desmond Haynes, who have a stand named after them. Only Sachin Tendulkar and Sourav Ganguly stand ahead of them, but this pair has delivered when it has mattered the most. In the last World Cup final, they put up 105 from 15 overs.

1.20pm - One almighty blastThe shot of the day, so far.

The previous ball, Gilchrist has just blasted Fernando, who is back in firing line after Tillakaratne Dilshan was hit for two straight sixes, for a six over long off. Fernando keeps this one full, almost a yorker on leg stump, but Gilchrist’s bat has enough momentum to squeeze is past the bowler. It screams down to the boundary. Gilchrist’s brilliance is hustling Sri Lanka in to sloppiness. Wides and misfields are beginning to creep in. Hayden looks like he's batting on another planet, still edging.

1.05pm - Fernando's fatal drop?

Has Sri Lanka’s chance come and gone? Dilhara Fernando, who has been bowling round the wicket from the first ball after having been warned twice for transgressing in to the business area of the pitch in the semi-final against New Zealand, drops a caught and bowled chance from Gilchrist. It was hit firmly, but should have been taken. Gilchrist responds by hitting his next three balls for 4, 4, and 6. Fernando has now gone for 29 from three overs. Gilchrist has taken 23 off 13 balls. A couple of overs later, he brings up his third successive half-century in World Cup finals. Sri Lanka have spin from both ends now. Murali's doesn't like bowling to left handers. His third ball to Gilchrist was a doosra, and a wide.
Adam Gilchrist might have had an average tournament but arrived on the big stage.

12.50pm - Malinga 1 Hayden 0Even bullies don’t like it hot.

Matthew Hayden, who has spanked three hundreds in the tournament so far, has been kept honest by Lasith Malinga, who is one of the true wonders of cricket. He hasn’t gone full pelt so far, hitting only the mid-80s, but has been fast enough to keep Hayden pinned to his crease. From 15 balls from Malinga, Hayden has managed merely a single. Malinga’s first spell reads: 4-1-6-0.

12.25pm -

Gilchrist sets the toneAdam Gilchrist, who hasn’t set this World Cup afire, begins the offensive with a four and six in Vaas’s second over. The six is a typical Gilchrist effort: pick the length early, meet the ball on the up and hoist over long-on. It’s caught by an Australian fan in the front rows and he holds the ball up triumphantly. Cue for Kumar Sangakarra to move up to the stumps. It’s only the eighth ball in Vaas’s spell.

12:15pm - Match onThe match is on.

Chaminda Vaas’s first ball is greeted with a cacophonous roar. He is on target. Aussie fans rise to their feet as Adam Gilchrist opens the scoring with single. So who will the shorter match suit more? Viv Richards, still majestic, still fit, and still magnetic, was around a while ago. What do you think will happen, he asked, before volunteering the answer: Australians might lose a few early wickets.

11.45am - An appropriate end?Good news.

The rain has stopped, the sun is beginning to break through and the covers are coming off. Andy Atkinson, ICC’s pitch consultant is out there in the middle supervising the operation and the Sri Lankans are out warming up. It is clear now that the final will be a truncated affair. But while we await an announcement, here’s a thought: is it perhaps not an appropriate end to a unfulfilling World Cup?

11.30am - Forget the match, what about the flights?

The rain is beginning to get worrying. It’s a stiff, constant stream now. There isn’t a trace of blue in the sky now, and a haze is developing around the ground. The wind from the south-east, which had been blowing the clouds away, has ceased. There is a stifling stillness around now.
The giant screen is playing highlights and a band is playing. But spectators are beginning to get restless. Those without umbrellas on the front rows are beginning to filter out and journalist have started speculating how many overs we might lose today. Some are getting worried about their flights if the match gets carried over to tomorrow.
Andrew Miller sits alongside Angus Fraser in the media .

10.30am -

Hitting the roofThe new media box at the Kensington Oval is among best in the world. It has all the facilities and a great view. And it’s open. But there has been a major problem. When the sun starts get a bit benevolent towards the afternoon. At about 3pm, laptops start burning, at 4pm, they melt.
Many journalists have been seen retreating to airconditioned confines of the media centre and couple of levels below. But there is another problem with that. You have watch the match on TV there. It’s the same as staying back in Mumbai, London or wherever.
The organisers have come up with a novel solution. They have erected, makeshift roofs over our head. Actually, roof is stretching it. It’s a thin piece of wood mounted on a shaky frame. It’s painted green. And it’s low to ensure it doesn’t block the view of chaps sitting in the row behind. It has already served a purpose today by protecting the laptops from the drizzle.
But thank god Joel Garner hasn’t taken to cricket reporting. Our very own Andrew Miller already has a bump on his head. That’s him in the hat in the photograph. Crouching next to him is the former England medium-pacer Angus Fraser, who is the chief cricket correspondent for the London based Independent.

10.05am - Good toss to lose?

Australia have chosen to bat. That’s been their gameplan through the World Cup and they have the confidence to stick to it. The sun came out briefly. Now it’s gone behind again. In fact, it has begun to drizzle again. The covers are coming on. It’s a good toss to lose for Sri Lanka. The conditions in the morning will suit them.
The track they are using today is different from on the one West Indies played England. That was a belter. The rain has got heavier. It is no longer a drizzle. Did the toss come a few minutes too early for Australia?

10am - Unorthodoxy and mysteryIt already feels like a final.

It’s the one everyone wanted. Australia haven’t look like losing. Why, they haven’t looked like losing more than six wickets. But there is an air of expectation in the air. If any team can beat them it’s Sri Lanka. They have one thing that none of Australia’s opponents have had so far. They have unorthodoxy and mystery.
As South Africa demonstrated so abysmally, you can’t beat Australia at their own game. Sri Lanka will try to distract them. They have the skills and a joie de vivre the other teams have lacked. Only they can redeem this wretched World Cup.
A rainy start to proceedings .
The roads leading the Kensington Oval are choked. Bands are already playing. Fans are there from everywhere. Some have even come from the other parts of the Caribbean. A Hindi song is playing a local bar and two locals are dancing. I am puzzled. My colleague Rahul Bhattacharya, who has spent in year in Guyana clears it for me: it is a Guyanese scene, he says. Bars are already open. And beer’s already flowing.
Yellow and green is everywhere. A large posse of Australian fans have just alighted from a cruise liner. The West Stand, the temporary one which will demolished after the World Cup, is sea of Australian colours. A huge roar goes up when it is announced that Ricky Ponting has won the toss. The Sri Lankan fans are hopelessly outnumbered. But needn’t worry.
Everyone else in the ground are backing them. They are the home team today.

9:40am - Hot and stickyWoke up to a drizzle today.

It would have been unimaginable last week when the sky matched the colour of the water and the sun shone as brightly as it does in the Australian summer in Melbourne. Today, it felt like London. But it rained here last morning too. Locals say it will not last. And it will get hot. It’s sticky already.
But will it affect the decision at toss? The Australians like to bat first. And they have scored more that 300 every time they have batted first in the World Cup. But the conditions are heavy and both teams have a left-arm swing bowler with the new ball. The pitch here was thought not conducive for Chaminda Vaas. But it might be different now.

STILL NOT SATISFIED........click on....http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hx6-SEYd3Tc

-----------------------------------------------------------------

U wonder y 2 xplore CS, follow me.....

2007-04-30T15:19:00.000+05:30

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INTRODUCTION

Computer science searches for concepts and proofs to explain and describe computational systems of interest. As with all sciences, these theories can then be utilised to synthesize practical engineering applications, which in turn may suggest new systems to be studied and analysed. While the ACM Computing Classification System can be used to split computer science up into different topics of fields a more descriptive break down follows:

Mathematical foundations
Mathematical logic
Boolean logic and other ways of modeling logical queries; the uses and limitations of formal proof methods.

Number theory
Theory of proofs and heuristics for finding proofs in the simple domain of integers. Used in cryptography as well as a test domain in artificial intelligence.

Graph theory
Foundations for data structures and searching algorithms.

Type Theory
Formal analysis of the types of data, and the use of these types to understand properties of programs — especially program safety.

Category Theory
Category theory provides a means of capturing all of math and computation in a single synthesis.

Theory of computation

Main article: Theory of computation
Automata theory
Different logical structures for solving problems.
Computability theory
What is calculable with the current models of computers. Proofs developed by Alan Turing and others provide insight into the possibilities of what may be computed and what may not.
Computational complexity theory
Fundamental bounds (especially time and storage space) on classes of computations.
Quantum computing theory
Representation and manipulation of data using the quantum properties of particles and quantum mechanisms.

Algorithms and data structures

Analysis of algorithms
Time and space complexity of algorithms.
Algorithms
Formal logical processes used for computation, and the efficiency of these processes.
Data structures
The organization of and rules for the manipulation of data.

Programming languages and compilers
Compilers
Ways of translating computer programs, usually from higher level languages to lower level ones.
Programming languages
Formal language paradigms for expressing algorithms, and the properties of these languages (e.g. what problems they are suited to solve).

Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems
Concurrency
The theory and practice of simultaneous computation; data safety in any multitasking or multithreaded environment.
Distributed computing
Computing using multiple computing devices over a network to accomplish a common objective or task and thereby reducing the latency involved in single processor contributions for any task.
Parallel computing
Computing using multiple concurrent threads of execution.

Software engineering
Algorithm design
Using ideas from algorithm theory to creatively design solutions to real tasks
Computer programming
The practice of using a programming language to implement algorithms
Formal methods
Mathematical approaches for describing and reasoning about software designs.
Reverse engineering
The application of the scientific method to the understanding of arbitrary existing software
Software engineering
The principles and practice of designing, developing, and testing programs, as well as proper engineering practices.

Computer architecture
Computer architecture
The design, organization, optimization and verification of a computer system, mostly about CPUs and Memory subsystem (and the bus connecting them).
Computer organization
The implementation of computer architectures, in terms of descriptions of their specific electrical circuitry
Operating systems
Systems for managing computer programs and providing the basis of a useable system.

Communications
Computer audio
Algorithms and data structures for the creation, manipulation, storage, and transmission of digital audio recordings. Also important in voice recognition applications.
Networking
Algorithms and protocols for reliably communicating data across different shared or dedicated media, often including error correction.
Cryptography
Applies results from complexity, probability and number theory to invent and break codes.

Databases
Data mining
Relational databases
Study of algorithms for searching and processing information in documents and databases; closely related to information retrieval.

Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence
The implementation and study of systems that exhibit an autonomous intelligence or behaviour of their own.
Automated reasoning
Solving engines, such as used in Prolog, which produce steps to a result given a query on a fact and rule database.
Computer vision
Algorithms for identifying three dimensional objects from one or more two dimensional pictures.
Machine learning
Automated creation of a set of rules and axioms based on input.
Natural language processing/Computational linguistics
Automated understanding and generation of human language
Robotics
Algorithms for controlling the behavior of robots.

Soft computing
Main article: Soft computing
A collective term for techniques used in solving specific problems. See the main article.

Computer graphics
Computer graphics
Algorithms both for generating visual images synthetically, and for integrating or altering visual and spatial information sampled from the real world.
Image processing
Determining information from an image through computation.

Human-Computer Interaction
Human computer interaction
The study of making computers and computations useful, usable and universally accessible to people, including the study and design of computer interfaces through which people use computers.

Scientific computing
Bioinformatics
The use of computer science to maintain, analyse, store biological data and to assist in solving biological problems such as Protein folding, function prediction and Phylogeny.
Cognitive Science
Computational modelling of real minds
Computational chemistry
Computational modelling of theoretical chemistry in order to determine chemical structures and properties
Computational neuroscience
Computational modelling of real brains
Computational physics
Numerical simulations of large non-analytic systems
Numerical algorithms
Algorithms for the numerical solution of mathematical problems such as root-finding, integration, the solution of ordinary differential equations and the approximation/evaulation of special functions.
Symbolic mathematics
Manipulation and solution of expressions in symbolic form, also known as Computer algebra.

footnotes : any further comments willy be highly appreciated......

Really a beautiful mind

2007-04-30T14:00:00.000+05:30

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